M.Sc Physics Syllabus IVth Semester-General Papers Course 4.1 Classical Electrodynamics. Unit –I Introduction to Electrostatics : Laws of electrostatics in vector notation coulomb’s law‚ Gauss’s law in integral and differential forms. Scalar potential. Surface distribution of charges and dipoles and discontinuity in the field and potential. Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations. Boundary conditions and uniquencess theorem. Potential energy and energy density of electrostatic field. Method
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radiator. An apparent idea is exploited in this design that an “ideal” UWB antenna would operate as a broadband well-matched transformer for the current at its driving ports to the radiated fields that leave the antenna aperture. Besides terminal matching‚ the antenna would provide a necessary spatial distribution of the radiated energy. The antenna is studied through numerical full-wave simulations with several prototypes in terms of alignment and excitation. The achieved directivity in the band
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Design of various types of Patch Antenna for WLAN Application Presented By: Monica Gupta Deptt. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology‚ Ghaziabad ABSTRACT In this project‚ High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used to design Linearly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna. The aim of the project is to design and fabricate various Microstrip Antenna using different feed techniques and
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Electrical Characteristics • They act as tuned circuits and filters. Their ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS are critical in any communication system Filters MATCHING CIRCUIT • Equipment and transmission lines must be MATCHED to each other for successful communication to take place. Transmission lines perform such matching. Matching Circuit General Classifications of Transmission Lines • Balanced lines – used when balanced properties are considered • Unbalanced lines – used when unbalanced
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem It seems these days that everyone has a cellular phone. Whether yours is for business purposes or personal use‚ you need an efficient way of charging the battery in the phone. But‚ like most people‚ you probably don’t like being dependent on the main supply for charging your cell phone battery or you don’t have the time to recharge your cell phone battery. As technology has advanced and made our phones smaller and easier to use‚ we still have one of the original
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may not recognise the importance of signal integrity issues and problems may not be identified until it is too late. This paper presents the most common design issues affecting signal integrity in high-speed digital hardware design. These include impedance control‚ terminations‚ ground/power planes‚ signal routing and crosstalk. Armed with the knowledge presented here‚ a digital designer will be able to recognise potential signal integrity problems at the earliest design stage. Also‚ the designer will
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1. Introduction to Power Engineering 1.1 Power System Functions The traditional power system is arranged as a hierarchy. Generators feed into a high voltage transmission system that facilitates bulk transfers of power over large distances. Connected to the transmission system are medium voltage distribution networks that take power from grid supply points and deliver it to the customers who are supplied a low voltage. For a lot of its history‚ the electricity supply industry has operated as
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Abstract— The present work is about preparation and characterization of high temperature oxygen sensing composite material consisting of Gadolinium doped Ceria (GDC) together with a relatively low temperature melting‚ ionic conducting glass to facilitate lower sintering and operating temperature. This paper reports the physical and ionic conductivity properties of this sintered composite as a function of operating temperature. Keywords—Gadolinium doped Ceria‚ oxygen sensor‚ composite‚ glass‚ ionic
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A Comparison Between High-Impedance and Low-Impedance Restricted Earth-Fault Transformer Protection Casper Labuschagne‚ Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories‚ Inc. Izak van der Merwe‚ Eskom Enterprises Abstract—Restricted earth-fault (REF) protection on a transformer is a subject for which there has been little attention and‚ compared to other types of protection‚ very little literature exists. Depending on the method of transformer earthing and fault location‚ some transformer earth faults result
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Earthing Techniques 1. SOIL RESISTIVITY TESTING.................................................................................................................................... 1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................. 1.2 THEORY OF SOIL RESISTIVITY.............................................................................................................
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