and allows increased flow of the AC current. II. Function/Operation Figure 1. This scheme controls the output voltage by varying the impedance of a saturable reactor as shown in diagram. This scheme is simple in concept and has a good line transient rejection. The drawbacks of this technique include slow response (10 cycles)‚ high output impedance which gives high distortion with non-linear loads such as adjustable speed drives‚ sensitive to load power factor‚ will not handle surge currents
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instrumentation amplifier and what are three of its key characteristics? The main purpose of an instrumentation amplifier is to amplify small signals that occur on large common-mode voltages. The key characteristics are high input impedance‚ high CMRR‚ low output impedance‚ and low output offset. 2. What components do you need to construct a basic instrumentation amplifier? Three op-amps and seven resistors are required to construct a basic instrumentation amplifier. 3. How is the gain determined
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Multi-Tier Architecture The Three Tier Model Business applications today all access data as part of their core functionality. As relational database servers gained in popularity 20 years ago‚ the industry moved from a one tier (mainframe) model to a client server model where we had a client performing the presentation logic and most of the business logic and the server with the data storage and some business logic in the form of stored queries. By the early 1990s this model broke down due to
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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION SEMESTER I‚ 2005/2006 SESSION KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING Programme Time Duration : ENGINEERING : 2:30 pm - 5:30 pm : 3 Hrs Section(s) : 3 Level of Study Date : UG 1 : 24/10/2005 Course Code : ECE 1312 Course Title : Electronics This Question Paper Consists of Eight (8) Printed Pages (Including Cover Page) With Six (6) Questions. INSTRUCTION(S) TO CANDIDATES DO NOT OPEN UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO • • • Total marks
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be 106.2 kΩ‚ R10 to be 1 kΩ‚ R8 to be 3.9 MΩ‚ C1 to be 1 μF and C2 to be 0.01 μF. The value of R9 is not significant and is selected to be 10 kΩ. A buffer with unity gain is needed for each input as an impedance transformer‚ because the skin has much higher impedance compared to the input impedance of the differential amplifier. Figure 2.5 shows a diagram of the buffer components. Figure 2.2.4 Buffer Components Diagram Since no current flows into the input terminals and v+ = v-‚ by applying
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Y.J. Wang S.Y. Huang J. Electrical Systems x-x (2010): x-xx JES Journal of Electrical Systems Regular paper Determination of the Performance Extreme Values of a Three-phase Induction Machine Using Algebraic and Graphical Methods This paper proposes an algebraic and a graphical method for finding all the performance extreme values of a three-phase induction machine when it operates as a motor or a generator. The performance extreme include maximum efficiency‚ maximum power factor‚ maximum
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in physiological environments. Three tests are performed: the open circuit potential test‚ potentiodynamic polarisation and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Polarisation measurements are scrutinized in order to gain knowledge concerning the kinetics of the cathodic and anodic reactions‚ while the open circuit and impedance spectroscopy help to study the electrolyte-surficial interactions. It is found that coating nitinol with polyphenols reduces the metal‚ resulting in depletion
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and reactance‚ Equivalent resistance and reactance‚ Equivalent circuit‚ Open circuit ‚ Short circuit test‚ Separation of core losses‚ Total approximate voltage drop of a transformer‚ Exact voltage drop‚ Per unit resistance‚ Leakage reactance and impedance voltage drop‚ Voltage regulation of a transformer‚ Losses in a transformer‚ Efficiency of a transformer‚ Condition for maximum efficiency‚ All day efficiency‚ Polarity test of a singlephase transformer‚ Sumpner’s test‚ Parallel operation of singlephase
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ABSTRACT: This is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system (GPS) and fault generated transients. In this scheme the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit‚ which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the CVT. Relays are installed at each bus bar in a transmission network. These detect the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals and record
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DIGITAL TRANSMISSION Definition: Transmittal of digital signals between two or more points in a communications system. Advantages of Digital Transmission • Noise immunity • Ease of processing and combining • Ease of measuring and evaluating • Disadvantages of Digital Transmission • Requires more bandwidth • Necessitates encoding and decoding circuitry • Requires precise time synchronization • Incompatible with older analog transmission systems Pulse Modulation Pulse Modulation
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