single output. The op-amp is prevalent in analogue electronics‚ and can be thought of another electronics device which is bipolar or field-effect transistor. The op-amp is one of the basic building blocks of linear design. Its consists of two high impedance inputs‚ one called the Inverting input ( - ) which inverts the phase of the signal‚ the other called the Non-inverting input ( + ) which preserves the phase‚ and an output terminal. Figure below shows the standard symbol of an op-amp: There
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terminal ?! is less than the voltage to the op-amp’s power lines (?!! ‚ ?!! )‚ we can apply the “golden rules”: ?! = ?! = ?!"# . The buffer effectively makes a copy of the voltage input (to ?! ) at the output. Since the op-amp has infinite input impedance‚ this isolates the output and input‚ and helps prevent the measurement from disturbing the circuit that is producing the voltage. Figure 1: A unity gain buffer. If ?! ≅ ?! ‚ then ?!" = ?!"# . A difference‚ or differential‚ amplifier (Figure
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Lecture 4 CMOS Inverter Professor Sunil Bhave p CU School of Electrical and Computer Engineering February 8‚ 2010 Inverters I t DC Analysis Operating regions and voltage transfer curve Logic levels and noise margins Transient Analysis - delay Power P Objectives Obj ti We have studied how a transistor can be viewed as a switch (switchview) We have derived the I-V model for a transistor Now with this simple model‚ we analyze the “electrical” properties of a CMOS inverter Noise Margin Delay
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1.1 What is *Haptics*? Haptics refers to sensing and manipulation through touch. The word comes from the Greek ‘haptesthai’‚ meaning ‘to touch’. The history of the haptic interface dates back to the 1950s‚ when a master-slave system was proposed by Goertz (1952). Haptic interfaces were established out of the field of tele- operation‚ which was then employed in the remote manipulation of radioactive materials. The ultimate goal of the tele-operation system was "transparency". That is‚ an user
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L23 L32 2 107 ln D 5736.31 2 107 ln 1.218 106 H / m d12 13 Z12 Z21 Z23 Z32 j 2 fL12 l j15.88 L13 L31 2 107 ln D 5736.31 2 107 ln 1.08 106 H / m d13 26 Z13 Z31 j 2 fL13 l j14.08 The impedance matrix can be obtained j 29.69 Z j15.88 j14.08 j15.88 j 29.69 j15.88 j14.08 j15.88 j 29.69
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ECE 4781 HW#02 INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Abhishek Akkeneni 902667190 INTRODUCTION – WHAT ARE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS? An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and‚ usually‚ a single-ended output. An op-amp produces an output voltage that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the voltage difference between its input terminals.[1] Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic
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ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION A substation is a part of an electrical generation‚transmission and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low‚ or the reverse‚ or perform any of several other important functions. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer‚ and its voltage may change in several steps. Substations may be owned and operated by a transmission or generation electrical utility‚ or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial
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Link between Body Composition and Nutrition As it is stated in he instructor’s slides that covers the chapter of Body Composition‚ “it refers to the % of muscle‚ bone‚ fat and other tissues but with a primary concern on the fats. And what about Nutrition‚ it is stated that it based on “Basic substances in food your body uses to maintain health”‚ as macronutrients‚ and micronutrients‚ and water. Deviating from the definitions of Nutrition‚ and Body Composition‚ we could say that there is a strong
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ELTR 2110 Analogue Communications: Module 1 Practice Test 1. A technique for resolving complex repetitive waveforms into sine or cosine waves and a dc component is known as: a) Harmonic Analysis b) Armstrong’s Principle c) Fourier Analysis d) Frequency Analysis Answer: c 2. The statement "information is proportional to bandwidth" is known as: a) Simpson Rule b) Shannon’s Law. c) Fourier’s Law. d) Hartley’s Law Answer: d 3. Given that a
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Audio/Video Systems PRELIM EXAM – Reviewer December 2012 For ECT04A1 ( prepared by Sir Felixberto M. Gonzaga Jr.) * It blanks out retrace for each H line by making video signal go to the black blanking level at 15‚750 Hz. * horizontal blanking pulses * It includes the camera signal with the picture information‚ sync pulses and blanking pulses. * composite video signal * It times the scanning for each H line at 15‚750 Hz. * horizontal
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