The X Theory and Y Theory Douglas McGregor‚ a social psychologist‚ introduced us to his famous X-Y Theory in his 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise. Theory X and Theory Y are most commonly referred to in the field of management and employee motivation. McGregor’s theories‚ although over 40 years old‚ remain a basic principle from which to develop positive management. Both the X and the Y theories begin with the premise that management’s role is to assemble the factors of production. Theory X assumes
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two theories of identity and compare their usefulness for explaining the real world issues discussed in chapter 1‚ ’Identities and diversity’. The study of identity is primarily the study of ’who we are’ and ’who we are not’ in comparison to other people‚ what makes individuals and groups of individuals unique from each other is a very controversial issue. This essay will look at two theories that aim to address this issue‚ namely‚ the Psychosocial theory and the Social Identity Theory (SIT)
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My theory states that the unconscious is something very deep. We as individuals do not understand what is all going on in our unconscious. We can uncover parts of ourselves that we may not have known about‚ but we will never be able to know or understand everything about ourselves. I believe that the unconscious is a positive reinforcement that keep us going in our daily lives. There are times we get depressed‚ some more than others‚ yet we are able to try and seek help or push through day to day
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EQUITY THEORY • This process theory focuses on workers’ perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes and inputs. Specifically they strive to maintain ratios of their own rewards to contributions which are equal to others’ ratios . EQUITY EQUATIONS • Equity – Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) = Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) •Underpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) • Overpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) < Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) > Outcomes
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century and the psychological characteristics of adolescence. According to Hall ’s analogy and expansion of Darwin ’s concept of biological "evolution." into a psychological theory of recapitulation‚ adolescence corresponds to a time when the human race was in a turbulent transitional stage. (Muuss‚ 1975‚ pp.33-35) In this theory‚ Hall stated that the experiential history of the human species had become
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Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ Douglas McGregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories Theory X and Theory Y. Both of these theories begin with the premise that management’s role is to assemble the factors of production‚ including people‚ for the economic benefit of the firm. Beyond this point‚ the two theories of management diverge. Theory X Theory X assumes that the average
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VOLUME 15‚ NUMBER 1‚ 2011 Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Vroom’s expectancy theory differs from the content theories of Maslow‚ Alderfer‚ Herzberg‚ and McClelland in that Vroom’s expectancy theory does not provide specific suggestions on what motivates organization members. Instead‚ Vroom’s theory provides a process of cognitive variables
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In this paper‚ I will discus two theories that are related to early and middle adulthood. Also‚ I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of the theories. The two theories that I have selected are Erikson ’s Intimacy versus isolation to explain the early adulthood stage‚ and the Life Events Approach theory. In the Erikson ’s psychosocial developmental theory (intimacy versus isolation stage)‚ Intimacy can be explained as "is the ability to fuse ones identity with that of another person
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Positive Accounting Positive economic theory and accounting practices are objective and based on fact. Positive accounting focuses on analyzing the economic statistics and data at hand‚ and deriving conclusions based on those figures. For example‚ if corporate growth allows a company to increase shareholder dividends over previous dividend payments‚ positive accounting theory would conclude that corporate growth causes a rise in stockholder dividends. Most bookkeeping and data collection involved
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Of living the American dream: Implication of the Filipino Diaspora Toto waved goodbye to his family‚ wide-eyed with the promise of a bigger salary and vast opportunities abroad. They watched him slowly disappear in a sea of people queuing up for the next flight. It was a painful sight but it was a sacrifice he needed to make in order to give them a better life. Every day in the Philippines‚ hundreds of its human resources fly abroad to seek greener pastures due to the lack of employment‚ dissatisfaction
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