The Chemistry of Toothpaste Toothpaste is not a new thing. It has been traced back to Ancient Egypt. They used a powdered rock and vinegar‚ which created a chemical reaction that dissolves the plaque on teeth. In 1900’s people used hydrogen peroxide and baking soda or chalk‚ pulverised brisk and salt as a toothpaste. Toothpastes today‚ are mostly made up of abrasives‚ surfactants‚ a detergent‚ a thickener‚ a moisturizer‚ water‚ flavouring agents‚ coloring‚ sweeteners‚ fluoride and desensitizers
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Major Chemistry questions: 1. Analyse the progress in the development and use of a named bioploymer. This anslysis should name the specific enzyme(s) used or organism used to synthesise the material and an evaluation of the use or potential use of the polymer produced related to it’s properties. Polyhydroxybutanoate (PHB) Progress Analysis: - Bacteria first used to make PHB in 1925 at Pastuer Institute in Paris. - In 1970’s adopted by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) – Alcaligenes
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Name: Shahid Hussain Subject: Chemistry Teacher: Dr Ramani Topic: Comparing Solutions Saturated Solutions | A solution that can hold no more of the solute at a particular temperature is said to be a saturated solution at that temperature. | When someone adds sugar to iced tea‚ the sugar disappears. If you add one teaspoon of sugar to iced tea‚ you get an unsaturated solution. If you keep
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Regents Chemistry Quarter 1 Midterm Review 1. The percent by mass of oxygen in Na2SO4 (formula mass = 142) is closest to 1) 11% 3) 45% 2) 22% 4) 64% 2. Given the unbalanced equation: __Al(s) + __O2(g) → __Al2O3(s) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. balance the equation using smallest whole number coefficients. The percent by mass of aluminum in Al2O3 is approximately 1) 18.9 3) 47.1 2) 35.4 4) 52.9 What is the approximate percent composition by mass of CaBr2 (formula mass = 200)
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The chemistry of hairspray What is hairspray: introduction Hair spray (or hair lacquer) is a common household aqueous solution that is used to keep hair stiff or in a certain style. Weaker than hair gel‚ hair wax‚ or glue‚ it is sprayed to hold styles for a short period of time. Using a pump or aerosol spray nozzle it sprays evenly over the hair. Hairspray was first developed and manufactured in 1948 by Chase Products Company‚ based in Broadview‚ Illinois.Its active ingredient is a suitable
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Chemistry Notes Cracking: * 2 types of Cracking; Catalytic cracking and Steam/thermal cracking. * Catalytic cracking‚ using a catalyst called Zeolite (Aluminosilicate)‚ 500 degrees C‚ in the absence of air and at pressures just above atmospheric * Thermal cracking is done without a catalyst; steam is passed through very hot metal tubes at 700-1000 degrees C at just above atmospheric pressure. * This is used to break down longer chains of unsalable hydrocarbons into smaller salable
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* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
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Chemistry in Photography Background A photograph is an image made by a photo-chemical reaction which records the impression of light on a surface coated with silver atoms. The reaction is possible due to the light-sensitive properties of silver halide crystals. Equation form for silver halides: Ag + + e - Ag Species produced include: Ag2+‚ Ag2o‚ Ag3+‚ Ag3o‚ Ag4+‚ Ag4o In 1556‚ the alchemist Fabricius was the first to discover that light can photochemically react with these crystals to
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Environmental Chemistry: Water testing in Bouregreg Valley Nowadays we are more and more concerned of environmental issues and especially the ones about water since experts have remarked that wetland regions are disappearing (50% reduction). Wetland regions are very important because they help preserve different wildlife species and also can be considered important indicators of the health of the “blue planet”. One of the most interesting wetland regions is the Bouregreg one that is close to
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Chemistry Coursework – Titration Background Science A titration is the neutralisation of an acid or an alkali. To achieve this‚ one must be added to the other in a specific amount‚ strength and concentration. A substance is neutral when its pH is 7. It is most acidic closer to 0 and is most alkaline closer to 14. 28492453194050 0 7 14 595423979670
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