THE LITERATURE REVIEW Coral reefs have been dubbed the ‘gardens of the sea.’ Burke and Maidens (2004) describe them as both physical structures and complex ecosystems. The physical structure is formed from the secretions of calcium carbonate by tiny marine organisms called coral polyps‚ which forms a shell around them (Mohammed‚ 2007). These shells become cemented together and remain when the reef building polyps die. The basic units of reef growth then are the coral polyps and symbiotic algae
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Current and Future Status of Coral Reefs in Malaysia Abstract: Coral reefs‚ also known as the rainforest of ocean‚ are the most productive and biologically rich ecosystem on earth (McAllister‚ 1995). Coral reefs are an important source of food and income to millions of people that are living near coast (Burke‚ et al.‚ 2002). There are about 540 species of hard corals that have been identified in Malaysia in total and there are more than 90% of the country’s reefs are situated off the coast of
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the reefs? http://www.givethereefabreak.org/reef-facts/ * The growth of coastal cities and towns generates a range of threats to nearby coral reefs. * Where space is limited‚ airports and other construction projects may be built on land reclaimed from the sea. * Sensitive habitats can be destroyed or disturbed by dredging activities necessary for these developments. * Dredging for deep-water channels or marinas‚ and the dumping of waste materials also destroys reefs.
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The coral reef structure also buffers shorelines against waves‚ storms‚ and floods‚ helping to prevent loss of life‚ property damage‚ and erosion. Several million people live in U.S. coastal areas adjacent to or near coral reefs‚ and the well-being of their communities and economies is directly dependent on the health of nearby coral reefs. Reefs also protect the highly productive mangrove fisheries and wetlands along the coast‚ as well as ports and harbors and the economies they support. Globally
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it. Coral reefs get hit hard by the temperature of the water getting warmer. “Warming of as little as 1°C causes coral bleaching‚ a state in which the tissues of the coral become colorless because of the loss of the zooxanthellae”(Hoegh-Guldberg‚Donner‚pg. 9‚ par 3). This bleaching can stress the reefs and this can effect important functions of the coral. “Moderate bleaching results in stress that causes reduced growth rates and reproductive output‚ whereas severe bleaching results in coral death
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PO Box #6334 Coral Reefs: Destroying Ancient Beauty‚ an Ethical Problem Coral reefs are some of the world’s liveliest‚ diverse‚ and most remarkable ecosystems on the planet. From the most well known Great Barrier reef‚ to other reefs that occupy seashores‚ coral reefs remain one of the world’s natural habitats that rival the rainforests in their longevity and life. Something that has seemingly been taken advantage of by tourists and nature lovers alike‚ the coral reefs may be disappearing
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Bibliography: "Coral Reefs." Global Issues in Context Online Collection. Detroit: Gale‚ 2013. Global Issues In Context. Web. 21 May 2013. "AIDS/HIV." Global Issues in Context Online Collection. Detroit: Gale‚ 2013. Global Issues In Context. Web. 20 May 2013. Centers for
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climate change on coral reef ecosystems Wild‚ C.‚ Hoegh-Guldberg‚ O.‚ Naumann‚ M.S.‚ Colombo-Pallotta‚ M.F.‚ Ateweberhan‚ M.‚ Fitt‚ W.K. Iglesias-Prieto‚ R.‚ Palmer‚ C.‚ Bythell‚ J.C.‚ Ortiz‚ J.C.‚ Loya‚ Y.‚ and Van Woesik‚ R. (2011). Climate Change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers. Marine and Freshwater Research‚ 62.2‚ 205-215. The article researches the effects of climate change on primary reef ecosystem engineers‚ such as Scleratinian Corals. These are organisms
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As the climate changes‚ coral bleaching is predicted to become more frequent and severe. Sea temperature increases and coral stress from other impacts may increase corals’ vulnerability to bleaching. As part of its Reef Health Incident Response System‚ the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority has a Coral Bleaching Response Plan for detecting and responding to coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. What is coral bleaching Many types of coral have a special symbiotic relationship with a
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PHILREEFS SECOND OF A SERIES philippine coral reefs through time workshop proceedings second of the atlas of philippine coral reefs series by Coral Reef Information Network of the Philippines (PhilReefs) and the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute 2003 Series Editor Porfirio M. Aliño Workshop Organizers Andre J. Uychiaoco Porfirio M. Aliño Wilfredo Y. Licuanan Editorial Team Andre J. Uychiaoco Melchor R. Deocadez Domingo Ochavillo Christine D. Collantes ISBN 971-91292-7-1
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