Teaching Listening Listening is a critical element in the competent language performance of adult second language learners‚ whether they are communicating at school‚ at work‚ or in the community. Through the normal course of a day‚ listening is used nearly twice as much as speaking and four to five times as much as reading and writing . In a recent study of Fortune 500 Corporations‚ Wolvin and Coakley (1991) found that listening was perceived to be crucial for communication at work with regards
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Theories of Motivation 1. Instinct Theory The assumption of the theory is that there is an innate biological force causing an organism to act in a certain way. These “forces” are perceived to be automatic‚ involuntary‚ and unlearned behavior patterns or reflexive behaviors that are elicited when certain stimuli are present. 2. Homeostatic Theories The assumptions of the homeostatic theory are that organisms attempt to maintain homeostasis‚ the balance of physiological state or equilibrium
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Strategies for Effective Learning The variety of teaching and learning methods which is used within a course is an important factor in creating a course with interest to students. They range from teacher led‚ e.g. lectures‚ to being student led e.g. such as group discussions. As students have different learning styles they benefit most when taught in their preferred style‚ research shows that it is beneficial to all students to receive information in varying styles. Additionally‚ instruction
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What is Motivation? Buchanan defines motivation as follows: "Motivation is a decision-making process‚ through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes and sets in motion the behaviour appropriate to them". How does motivation differ from "motives" Buchanan defines motives as: "learned influences on human behaviour that lead us to pursue particular goals because they are valued". Motivation can therefore be thought of as the degree to which an individual wants AND chooses to engage in certain
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One of the most widely mentioned theories of motivation is the Hierarchy of Needs Theory put forth by Abraham Maslow. Maslow saw human needs in a form of hierarchy‚ ascending from the lowest to the highest. Once one set of needs were satisfied‚ this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. Maslow’s Theories of needs are: Physiological needs: These are important needs‚ for human life food‚ water‚ warmth‚ sleep‚ education. Without these needs satisfied to a degree‚ no other motivating factors
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Theories of Motivation Introduction. This essay will look at motivation to discuss the content theorist Abraham Maslow ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ relevance and his critics. The research of motivation is interested basically with why people act in certain ways. ’Why do people do what they do?’ In typical terms‚ motivation can be defined as the direction and perseverance of action. It is interested with why humans take a specific course of action in to others‚ and why they continue with a chosen endeavour
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Employee motivation is the level of energy‚ commitment‚ and creativity that a company’s workers apply to their jobs. In the increasingly competitive business environment of recent years‚ finding ways to motivate employees has become a pressing concern for many managers. In fact‚ a number of different theories and methods of employee motivation have emerged‚ ranging from monetary incentives to increased involvement and empowerment. Employee motivation can sometimes be particularly problematic for
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2 Management and Motivation Nancy H. Shanks LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter the student will be able to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Frame the context for understanding the concept of motivation‚ particularly who and what motivates employees; Provide an overview of the different theories of motivation; Identify extrinsic and intrinsic factors that impact motivation; Assess misconceptions about motivation; and‚ Suggest strategies to enhance employee motivation. INTRODUCTION Managers
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The teaching plan will be for the proper use of condoms‚ for high school students ages‚ 13-19. Teenagers going through this stage of development would like to participate and feel some ownership of their lesson plan. Teenagers also have short attention spans‚ so things need to move quickly. (Piccolo 2010) The plan would be to set up a 45 minute class. A few days prior to the class I would introduce the topic and hand out a questionnaire/quiz‚ along with additional lines for comments and other
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Abstract This paper will discuss motivation and emotion. More specifically‚ it will inspect motivation‚ motives and other associated hypothetical perceptions. The topic of emotions will also be discussed along with the elements and components related to it as well as some of the theoretical positions. Motivation and Emotions Motivation Motivation involves thinking about why some things are done. Some questions to consider for example include the reason that students attend class‚ the reason
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