several dimensions of the shareholder-principal conflict with manager-agents known as the principal-agent problem. To mitigate agency problems between senior executives and shareholders‚ should the compensation committee of the board devote more to executive salary and bonus (cash compensation) or more to long-term incentives? Why? What role does each type of pay play in motivating managers? There are several dimensions to the principal-agent conflict. Principal-Agent Relationships exist whenever
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Principal-agent problem is a particular game-theoretic description of a situation. There is a player called a principal‚ and one or more other players called agents with utility functions that are in some sense different from the principal’s. The principal can act more effectively through the agents than directly‚ and must construct incentive schemes to get them to behave at least partly according to the principal’s interests. The principal-agent problem is that of designing
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Q1. Discuss the significance of organizational culture in the performance of an organization explains the various factors included under OCTAPACE. Ans. Organizational culture is the collective behaviour of humans who are part of an organization and the meanings that the people attach to their actions. Culture includes the organization values‚ visions‚ norms‚ working language‚ systems‚ symbols‚ beliefs and habits. It is also the pattern of such collective behaviours and assumptions that are
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instructional leader: A teacher’s perspective on its effect on the school climate Angelina Anne Balasundaram; Mohd Nazir Bin Mohd Yunos Faculty of Education Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Abstract Instructional leadership is a pivotal factor in the principal becoming an effective leader in a school setting and its implications on the school climate has very significant impact on a school. This research is carried to identify whether this role of the principle as the instructional leader is being
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When one thinks of human trafficking and abolishing it forever‚ it is quite difficult to imagine someone who would be against trying to stop this heinous act. I will endeavor to show who these organizations are and how they oppose the law’s‚ government institutions and NGO’s trying to abolish human trafficking. I will also expose the myths and fallacies of human trafficking in an attempt to bring honesty and truth to this very disturbing subject. In view of the plight of those trafficked‚ something
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Meaning and Need for Budget Everyone is familiar with the idea of a budget because it is essential in every walk of our life – national‚ domestic and business. A budget is prepared to have effective utilisation of funds and for the realisation of objectives as efficiently as possible. Budgeting is a powerful tool to the management for performing its functions (i.e.‚ formulating plans‚ coordinating activities and controlling operations etc.) efficiently. CIMA London defines budget as‚ “A plan quantified
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To appear in: Moutinho and Hutcheson: Dictionary of Quantitative Methods in Management. Sage Publications Principal Components Analysis Introduction Principal Components Analysis (PCA) attempts to analyse the structure in a data set in order to define uncorrelated components that capture the variation in the data. The identification of components is often desirable as it is usually easier to consider a relatively small number of unrelated components which have been derived from the data than
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INDIAN UNION BUDGET FOR THE YEARS 2007-2012 CONTENTS 1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction about Budget 3. Budget Processing 4. Presentation and Analysis of Data 5. Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank The Almighty God for showering his blessings upon me. It is only due to his mercy that I was in good heath and was able to complete this project. Secondly I would like to thank my Business Economics teachers‚ Ms. Kavya and Ms. Anjana
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Budget Deficit For many decades‚ there has been a concern for the deficit within the United States. Many politicians‚ authors‚ newscasters‚ and citizens have expressed their distress in order to resolve or control the issue. Keynesian economic theory states that running a budget deficit is okay‚ as long as the deficit is not exorbitantly large and is not carried for a long period of time. Even though many experts agree with this notion‚ having a deficit at all is important to the present and
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“ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL FACTORS SUCH AS RACISM AND PUPILS RESPONSES TO RACISM IN CREATING ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT”. (20 MARKS) Ethnic differences concerning education achievement arise from numerous factors these including internal and external school factors such as racism‚ pupil responses‚ material and cultural deprivation which is faced by some ethnic groups and are the main reasons to explain why certain ethnic groups perform the way in which they do. Within this
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