Process costing is used for homogenous products (continuous flow processes such as producing cans of soda). Job-order costing is used in situations where the organization offers many different products or services‚ such as in furniture manufacturing‚ hospitals‚ and legal firms. Process costing is used where units of product are homogeneous‚ such as in flour milling or cement production. The purpose of a job order cost accounting system is to assign and accumulate costs for each job‚ i.e
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Marketing Management Psychological Pricing Rodrigo Fernández-Romero. 20th March 2010. Psychological Pricing Many sellers believe that prices should end in an odd number (9‚99€) instead of 10€ as price. Why?. • • • Because consumers have the tendency of ignoring the last digits instead of doing the rounding. Although actually seeing the cents‚ they may subconsciously ignore them. Some suggest that this effect may be enhanced when the cents are printed smaller (for example‚ €19.99)
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Motivated Design Alan Arnold University of Grantham HPI 641 Business Expertise: Cognitive Methods for Training and Performance Improvement Dr. Joseph LeVesque Feb 3‚ 2013 Motivated Design Since all of the processes in the text were mentioned in the earlier Guided Discussion Forum‚ the intent here is to mention those (not all inclusive) personally used while in the Marine Corps. Having been a recipient as a learner to some of this
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sell and create competitive advantage. Procurement:The aim is to secure the lowest possible price for purchases of the highest possible quality. Whatever‚ the ultimate aim of value chain is that create maximum profit at minimal cost. The Nokia is one of the
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Continual improvement is a type of change that is focused on increasing the effectiveness and/or efficiency of an organization to fulfill its policy and objectives. It is not limited to quality initiatives. Improvement in business strategy‚ business results‚ and customer‚ employee and supplier relationships can be subject to continual improvement. Continual improvement should focus on enablers such as leadership‚ communication‚ resources‚ organization architecture‚ people and processes - in other
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC COSTING IN BULK DRUG AND R&D DEPARTMENT OF A PHARMA INDUSTRY Submitted By KAUSTUBH NIJASURE Under the guidance of Prof. P.M. Nayak A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PART COMPLETITION OF MMS TO THE Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology Wadala (East)‚ Mumbai 400 031 JULY 14th‚ 2008 Executive summary: Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. has following divisions: 1. Bulk Drug 2. Formulations 3. Research and Development 4. Clinical Research
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HCS/588 Measuring Performance Standards Quality improvement is an organizational approach to improve quality of care and services using a specified set of principles and methodologies. Principles of quality improvement are measurements‚ which the data is used to improve care‚ focusing on the important patient outcomes and consumer needs‚ being involved with participants‚ such as encouraging direct participation in teams by those individuals who implement the processes being evaluated. Ensuring
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=((90-52)/52)/((50-75) /75)= -2.19‚ |Ed| is larger than 1. It means that consumers are really sensitive to price changes. In this condition‚ the market was highly price sensitive and a low price stimulates market growth. So it could set price by market-penetration pricing. Bennett hoped to earn a return of 15% on the selling price. 1. If he set the price according to Sanyo’s landed price‚ then the price could be $309. 2. If he set the price based on the school’s revenue‚ then the price could be: 90% students used
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Continuous Improvement + Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) n It is an ongoing effort to improve products‚ services‚ or processes. These efforts can seek "incremental" improvement over time or "breakthrough" improvement all at once. n W. Edward Deming‚ a pioneer of the field‚ saw it as part of the ’system’ whereby feedback from the process and customer were evaluated against organizational goals. + How to develop a culture of Continuous Improvement: n A
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There are several differences between cost-based pricing and value-based pricing. In this essay we will consider a few of them. Value-based pricing is based on the customer’s perception of value rather than the seller’s cost as the key. Cost-based pricing is based on the product. A company comes up with an idea of what they think would be a good product and sets the price after considering all the production costs plus a target profit. (Kotler‚ Armstrong‚ 2008‚ p. 285‚ 286) Instead of starting
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