Discuss explanations for insomnia and/or narcolepsy. (8 marks + 16 marks) Explanations of narcolepsy are in majority biological. Scientists have discovered that narcoleptics often are lacking in hypocretin which is a chemical in the brain that control sleep and wakefulness. A lack of this chemical may explain the sudden attacks of sleep. Sakurai (2007) highlighted how there are about 10‚000-20‚000 hypocretin-producing cells in a normal hypothalamus‚ but people with narcolepsy have a significantly
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Table of Contents Abstract We all know that learning a language is a combination of many different skills: speaking‚ listening‚ reading and writing. Meanwhile‚ speaking skill is considered to be the most difficult one. The fact is that the majority of foreigners studying English include Vietnamese people are afraid to speak and communicate directly by English even many who have learned English to advanced levels. This seems the common problem in Vietnam. High school’s students (almost
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Traditional View and the Two-Factor Model Means of Motivation Experience suggests that some specialised teachniques to motivate can be used as follows: 1. Management by Objective (MBO) and goal setting: MBO is a process of collaborative goal-setting between a manager and a subordinate with the understanding that the degree of goal attainment by the subordinate will be a major factor in evaluating and rewarding the subordinate’s performance. When the manager sits with the subordinates
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How can the theories and models in leadership and motivation help a manager to do his or her job more effectively? Two powerful tools a manager can use are displaying good leadership skills‚ and being able to motivate those around them. A highly motivated workforce is vital for an organisation seeking good results. Leadership and management although being seen as synonymous do differ‚ not every manager is a leader and vice versa. The emphasis of leadership is on interpersonal behaviour‚ and is
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“STUDY OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION TOOLS IN SEVEN ORGANISATIONS IN AHMEDABAD” A SUMMER PROJECT STUDY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE TWO YEAR POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (FULL-TIME) BY SHILPI SUMAN 54/ 2009-11 LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT‚ DELHI JULY‚ 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO 1. Certificate 3 2. Acknowledgement 4 3. About Arvind Ltd 5 4. HR Organogramme at Arvind 10 5. Recruitment & Selection Process at
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EMPLOYEE MORALE & MOTIVATION Morale indicates happiness of the employees with the organizational environment. It is akin to job satisfaction. Employee morale benefits everyone involved in a work place. Boosting employee morale means that people will take more pride in their work‚ EFFECTIVE WAYS OF IMPROVING MORALE Most people thrive on feeling appreciated. You can improve employee morale by showing your appreciation in simple ways‚ such as rewarding an employee by saying‚ "job well done
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Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow is the man behind the highly-known motivation theory which was defined by the hierarchy of needs. Maslow concentrated on five existing needs in each different human. Physiological Needs Safety Needs Belonging or social Needs Esteem Needs Self-actualization needs. Each of these needs is described in the exhibit above. Maslow identifies the physiological need as the first step in order to reach to the Self-actualization needs. When each need is fully satisfied
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Management Theories and Principle Module 1 Flawed Advice and the Management Trap- The author‚ Chris Argyris‚ states that there are two models in management. Model I is the flawed model‚ as its behaviors are based on protecting oneself and/a group. The management style appears to be spontaneous‚ it’s actually well prepared. According to the text performance reviews given under this model will likely have the appraiser sugar-coat or ease into the negatives while quickly following it up with a positive
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Employee Motivation and Organizational Behavior What is Organizational Behavior? Organizational behavior can be defined as the systematic study of the behavior and attitudes of both individuals and groups within organizations Understanding how individuals and groups within organizations act and react with each other in everyday situations can be key to helping managers become more effective both in directing their own activities‚ the activities of their subordinates‚ and in working with others
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Theories of Motivation Motivation has been defined as the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner‚ 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins‚ 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian‚ 1993). In psychology‚ motivation refers to the initiation‚ direction‚ intensity and persistence of behavior. In simplistic terms‚ we can define motivation as the desire and willingness to do something and the inner force that helps individuals achieve their
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