In the article entitled “The Case for Torture” published by Newsweek in 1982‚ Michael Levin argues that the use of torture as a means to save lives is justifiable and necessary. Beginning with very general premises‚ Levin draws a series of hyperbolic cases where torture might be justifiable so as to set precedents for the justification of torture in more “realistic cases.” However‚ the author never fully defines the boundaries and conditions behind his premises and suggests that disregarding civil
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In criminal justice there are two types of ethical decision-making approaches. The two types of approaches are deontological and consequentialist ethical decision-making approaches. Each one of these approaches like all things is similar in some ways and different in some ways. Therefore‚ I will explain them both briefly. Now deontological ethics is one of those kinds of normative theories regarding which choices are morally required‚ forbidden‚ or permitted. In terms this is what helps us make our
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Torture is the act of inflicting physical and psychological pain. The three main purposes that Democratic governments use torture are to intimidate‚ to coerce false confessions‚ and to gather accurate security information. Torture is not only a method that has been used in countries notorious for corrupt government dictatorships such as Russia‚ Japan‚ and Germany but has also been prevalent in democracies. The use of torture in democracy is a shame‚ not only do secret CIA kidnappings‚ and the indefinite
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Criticisms leveled against Ethical Theories 1. Criticisms leveled against Consequentialism. Consequentialism is based on the consequences of actions. It is sometimes called a teleological theory‚ from the Greek word telos‚ meaning goal. According to consequentialism‚ actions are right or wrong depending on whether their consequences further the goal. The goal (or‚ "the good") can be something like the happiness of all people or the spreading of peace and safety. Anything which contributes to
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Accounting Theory and Practice: the Ethical Dimension M. Gaffikin University of Wollongong‚ michael gaffikin@uow.edu.au This working paper was originally published as Gaffikin‚ M‚ Accounting theory and practice: the ethical dimension‚ Accounting Finance Working Paper 07/04‚ School of Accounting Finance‚ University of Wollongong‚ 2007. This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/accfinwp/2 07/04 University of Wollongong School of Accounting & Finance Accounting Theory and Practice:
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Differences Between Ethical Theories Ethical theories are based on explained ethical principles. There are three major ethical theories: virtue ethics‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontological ethics. in this paper the similarities and diffrences between virtue theory‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontological ethics. The meaning of virtue theory‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontological ethics would need to be defined in order to be able to distiguish the similarities and diffrences. The virtue theory judges a person
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the ethical theories of Utilitarianism and Deontology and the principles of justice‚ nonmalificence and autonomy. The question persists‚ should the fact that someone has essentially caused their own disease eliminate them from the chance of having a transplant (Williamson‚ 1997)? According to the utilitarian school of thought‚ the right action is that which has the greatest utility or usefulness (Burkhardt & Nathaniel‚ 2014). Utilitarianism is also described as a consequence-based theory which
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Different ethical theories were developed to solve the ethical problems and dilemmas that face people since the beginning of civilization and we are going to talk about two of them: Consequentialism (6) (7) (8) Consequentialism is based on the claim that the morality of the act is only determined by the outcome‚ Consequentialism was popular in the 18th century as it attracted the public because it replaced instincts and questionable duties with perceptible outcomes. As a result‚ different consequentialist
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good life for man? The answer to these questions begin with the extraction of the theory behind ethics. Morality‚ as closely related to the notion of ethics‚ can be defined as a set of principles that
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Can the Use of Torture be Justified? This report aims to‚ in the first instance‚ define torture. It then examines the history of torture and looks at international law that relates to torture. The main part of the study analyses ethical theories in relation to torture and uses these ethical viewpoints to examine whether or not torture can be justified in any circumstances. In addition‚ the Algerian War and the Iraq War will be used as case studies to further discuss the ethical issues surrounding
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