Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation in Sports The popularity of increasing the “performance-enhancing” supplements‚ Protein and amino acids‚ has flourished among all athletes. This increase is attributed to the belief by many of the athletes that it provides endurance‚ strength and speed enhancement. Amino Acids (AA) enhanced physical feats‚ improved energy and recovery sooner from fatigue. The three vital Amino Acids which were given a high focal point among athletes are leucine‚ isoleucine
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1) What are amino acids? page # 202 Amino acids are essentially the building blocks of protein. There are 20 different kind of amino acids that form protein but only three of them are essential for humans. those three are phenylalanine‚ tryptophan‚ and valine. These amino acids make up about 75% of the body and the essential amino acids need to be ingested every day or else protein degradation can occur. 2) List all of the roles proteins have in our bodies. page #202 There are many different
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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids bind together to form polypeptide chains‚ and these polypeptides fold and coil together into specific conformations to form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids‚ each amino acid consisting of four distinct partners. The first is a carboxyl group. A carboxyl group has very weak acids that are able to donate hydrogen ions to biological reactions. The second partner is the amino acid group. Amino acid groups act as the base which‚
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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properties of amino acids know the groups of amino acid What are amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that when combined with each other proteins. Amino acids contain a central tetrahedral carbon atom (α-carbon) amine group‚ carboxyl group‚ R-side chain The R-side chain determines the different amino acids There are 20 common amino acids Amino acids can join via peptide bonds Several amino acids occur only rarely in proteins Some amino acids are not found in proteins 3D structure
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AMINO ACIDS SUSMITA DAS SWAPNA MONDAL OBJECTIVES To study about Amino acids. To study the classifications of amino acids based on different headings. To study the functions of amino acids. INTRODUCTION Amino acids:• Amino acids are monomers of protein. • Amino acids are group of organic compounds which contain two functional groups. One is Amino group(NH2) and the other is Carboxyl group(COOH). • Proteins are broken down into amino acids on hydrolysis. • Each amino acid also have a
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Protein synthesis occurs in two steps : Transcription and Translation. Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA copy of a DNA template; the mRNA is then translated into protein. The Messenger RNA (mRNA) contains the genetic information is copied from DNA during transcription . During translation‚ ribosomes synthesize the proteins using the mRNA copy produced during transcription. Proteins are complex molecules that each has a very unique shape‚ structure and function. The shape of the
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Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a common technique for separating chemical substances. The prefix “chroma‚” which suggests “color‚” comes from the fact that some of the earliest applications of chromatography were to separate components of the green pigment‚ chlorophyll. You may have already used this method to separate the colored components in ink. In this experiment you will use chromatography to separate and identify amino acids‚ the building blocks of proteins. The
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Test Biuret Test Reagents CuSO4 sol’n‚ diluted NaOH Test for Intact proteins and protein hydrlysates (at least tripeptide‚ 2 peptide bonds Result Pink to violet blue color Ninhyrin Test 1‚2‚3-indanetrione monohydrate or triketohydintene hydrate‚ ethanol Alpha- amino group (usually a general test for amino acids) Xanthoproteic Test Conc. HNO3‚ conc. NaOH For W‚F‚Y (aromatic except for H) Blue to blue-violet Oxidative decarboxylation color & deamination
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Consider the following double-stranded DNA sequence: 5’-CAG AAG AAA ATT AAC ATG TAA-3’ 3’-GTC TTC TTT TAA TTG TAC ATT-5’ If the bottom strand serves as the template‚ what is the mRNA sequence produced by transcription of this DNA sequence and Why? 5’-CAG AAG AAA AUU AAC AUG UAA-3’ mRNA sequence 3’-GTC TTC TTT TAA TTG TAC ATT-5’ DNA template strand We get the mRNA sequence due the transcription process‚ which gives us the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA template
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