STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT 2011 “Liquidity Management via Interest Rate Corridor in Pakistan- and Experience of Other Countries’ Emerging Markets” Submitted to: Sir Mubarak By: Tooba Sarfaraz Rafia Parvez Sumbul Masood Introduction to State Bank of Pakistan: State Bank of Pakistan‚ the central bank of the country was established in July 1948 I.e.‚ within one year after Pakistan gained independence. Being the central bank‚ it regulates the monetary
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INTEREST RATE FUTURES IN INDIA Dr. Shashi Srivastava * Divya Srivastava ** Abstract In the era of globalization‚ one of the macro-economic variable that has come into great focus is interest rate. The volatility of interest rates has increased manifold in the last couple of years. Interest rate risk management has become very important and assorted instruments like interest rate
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OSI Model This memorandum will attempt to explain the Open Systems Interconnection Model‚ known more simply as the OSI Model. The OSI Model has seven levels‚ and these levels will be discussed in detail. Particular mention will be made to which level TCP/IP functions with the OSI Model. The seven levels of the OSI Model are as follows: 7) Application: Provides different services to the applications. 6) Presentation: Converts the information. 5) Session: Handles problems which are not communication
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Fundamentals of Macroeconomics ECO/372 Principles of Macroeconomics Alisha Wisniewski May 28‚ 2013 David Aloyan Part 1 Using Resource: Figure 3-1 in Ch. 3 of Macroeconomics 1. Gross Domestic Product – Is value of how much every household and a business can produce within the United States in a year. 2. Real GDP – The dollar amount of money made by businesses‚ government‚ and households combined. 3. Nominal GDP – GDP without taking in account other factors like inflation. It
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Taxes in the Real Intertemporal Model (40 Raw Points) Taxes in the Real Intertemporal Model This problem studies the effects of a permanent (lump sum) tax decrease on macroeconomic variables such as This problem studies the effects of a permanent (lump sum) tax decrease on macroeconomic variables such as employemployment‚ output‚ consumption‚ investment‚ interest rates‚ and real wages. This problem is particularly ment‚ output‚ consumption‚ investment‚ interest rates and real wages. good preparation
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from all the other theories. I believe that this is the best out of supply side‚ adaptive expectations theory and rational expectations theory. Pure Keynesium is very diffrent from all the other theories in which in pure keynesium‚ view that in the short run‚ especially during recessions‚ economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand or the total spending in the economy. In the Keynesian view‚ aggregate demand does not necessarily equal the productive capacity of the economy but instead
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Macroeconomics- Final Project Source: The World Bank & OECD- All figures are annually based. The country of Brazil is the both the largest‚ in terms of territory‚ and most populated country in South America. The country’s largest exports consist of coffee‚ iron ores and concentrates‚ petroleum oil‚ raw sugar‚ and soya beans. Brazil’s largest trade partners (in both import and export) include: China‚ The United States‚ and Argentina. (The Atlas of Economic Complexity‚ 2011) Source: The
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Christopher Ragan Leacock 321-C Economics 295B Introduction to Macroeconomic Policy Tuesdays and Thursdays‚ 4:00 pm – 5:30 pm‚ Leacock 132 ***** I. Housekeeping Details 1. Office Hours. My office hours are Tuesdays and Thursdays from 10:00 am - 11:00 am. If you are unable to see me then‚ please speak to me to arrange an appointment. 2. Required Textbook and MyEconLab. The textbook for this class is the macroeconomics half of Economics‚ by C. Ragan and R. Lipsey (13th Canadian Edition
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A First Look at Macroeconomics Economic Growth • Definition: the expansion of the economy’s PPF (outward shift) • Measured by the increase in real domestic product (also called real GDP) Costs Benefits Forgone current consumption Technological progress Slow growth rates = real costs (e.g. compromised health care‚ worse roads‚ less housing etc.) Greener environment (questionable) Fluctuations of Real GDP around Potential GDP: the Business Cycle The Okun Gap Definitions: • Actual GDP:
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Introduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large‚ and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers‚ workers‚ business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisions
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