Causes of Variation. Variation is a result that leads to a difference or deviation (for example‚ structure‚ form‚ function) from the recognised norm or standard. It is a modification in structure‚ form or function in an organism‚ deviating from other organisms of the same species or group. There are two types of variation: interspecific variation and intraspecific variation. Interspecific variation is when one species differs from another like mammals differ from fish. These differences are explained
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The law of segregation states that when the gamete is being produced‚ each allele for each gene is carried on a single gamete so that the alleles for each gene have been segregated from one another. It is during fertilisation when the two gametes fuse that the pairing of the alleles occurs. The second law of independent assortment suggests that the genes for different characteristics are separated independently during the production of gametes. The third law of dominance
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ways to test medical products. The alternative tests are more conventional. With all the new technology that has been invented in recent years‚ it makes more sense to utilise the devices that have been created. Some of the new common methods are in vitro test methods and models‚ computerized patient drug databases‚ virtual drug trials‚ computer simulations‚ stem cell and genetic testing methods‚ using MRIs and CT scans‚ and microdosing (In
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healthcare problem. Although myriad factors have been implicated in impaired wound healing‚ recent research has focused on the role of matrix-based bacterial communities called biofilms that are often associated with chronic wounds. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to study the role of biofilms in non-healing wounds. Basic science and clinical studies suggest that effective eradication of pathogenic biofilms requires multimodality strategies including serial debridement
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children‚ parents and their children will be able to enjoy a better standard of living. 4. Family planning methods involve the use of contraceptive (birth control) which are essentially methods of preventing pregnancy by reducing the likelihood of fertilisation or implantation. These methods are described in Table 4.5 Data and discussion Method Desciption Procedures advantages disadvantages Prevention of ovulation 1.Oral contraceptives 2.Contraceptive implant Oral contraceptives(a
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truly representative data. Indeed‚ there are many examples in the literature of highprofile failings of animal models to predict human toxicity[1-4]. • As such‚ there is a requirement in research for alternatives to both animal models and standard in vitro cell culture. • The Quasi-Vivo® culture system enables cell culture under laminar flow. This is designed to mimic the type of flow found in the body[5]‚[6] providing mechanical stimulation equivalent to blood and lymph movement‚ and ensuring constant
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1 INTRODUCTION In recent years‚ there has been rapid growth in the number of Fast Dissolving / Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) product on the market. Fast Dissolving Tablets are solid tablets and designed to dissolve/disintegrate in the patient’s mouth within a few second or minutes‚ without the need to drink or chew. However‚ the fear of taking solid tablets and the risk of choking for certain patient populations still exist despite their short disintegration/dissolution times. However‚ some
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Animal experimentation is a big part of medical progress. Opponents of animal testing point out the amount of animals used and the different types of animals used but if you look at it‚ it’s all for a good reason. Animal experimenters don’t do this just to do it. It’s for a purpose. There are thousands upon thousands of medical situations that couldn’t have been done without animal experimenting. Animal suffering is pointed out but for the most part animals go without feeling any pain. Animal experimentation
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Polymethylmethacrylate‚ or PMMA for short‚ is a polymer consisting of the monomer methyl methacrylate that has been around since the 1930s1. PMMA is a polymer that has a high impact strength‚ is scratch and shatter resistant‚ and is relatively lightweight1. Because PMMA can also be formed into a transparent thermoplastic and has a glass transitions temperature of 130oC‚ this polymer served as a glass substitute in its early uses1. Other beneficial characteristics of Polymethylmethacrylate include
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People have dreamt of a world that was free of disorders and disease. As time progresses‚ science advances. Preimplantation diagnosis and in vitro fertilization can be advanced to allow selection against diseases and disorders to allow optimal survival of offspring. The main reason these procedures are formulated and advanced is to eradicate unwanted conditions and rid society and individuals
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