ACTUS REUS: OMISSION & CAUSATION The general basis for imposing liability in criminal law is that the defendant must be proved to have committed a guilty act whilst having had a guilty state of mind. The physical elements are collectively called the actus reus and the accompanied mental state is called the mens rea. It is the fundamental duty of the prosecution to prove both of these elements of the offence to the satisfaction of the judge or jury beyond reasonable doubt. In the absence
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rights------------------------------------------------- Human rights in India From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Republic of India | Part of the series Politics and Government of India | Union Government[show] | Elections[show] | Political parties[show] | Local and state govt.[show] | * Government of India Portal | * v * t * e | Human rights in India is an issue complicated by the country ’s large size‚ its tremendous diversity‚ its status as a developing country and
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on the Internet that is illegal under their offline laws‚ and also that considered harmful or otherwise unsuitable for general public. The nature of material of concerned has varied substantially. For example‚ Political speeches‚ promotion of or incitement to racial hatred‚ pornographic materials‚ etc. Few governments have attempted to ban or otherwise legislatively restrict access to "matter unsuitable for their citizens as distinct from material illegal to distribute to adults. A 1993 Time Magazine
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The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum Knowing about the writer of a literary text can shape significantly the way that it is read. Consider the effect of the writer’s context on your understanding of The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum. "As a writer of fiction Böll was interpreting history‚ creating patterns of meaning‚ ordering his material to enable his reader to make sense of it." The experiences of Böll and his values that arose from these events have been influential on the content and themes of
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Nelson Mandela’s greatest pleasure‚ his most private moment‚ is watching the sun set with the music of Handel or Tchaikovsky playing. Locked up in his cell during daylight hours‚ deprived of music‚ both these simple pleasures were denied him for decades. With his fellow prisoners‚ concerts were organised when possible‚ particularly at Christmas time‚ where they would sing. Nelson Mandela finds music very uplifting‚ and takes a keen interest not only in European classical music but also in African
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The history of global conflict can be explained by examining the beginnings of interaction among men and what has caused them to behave in this way. The arguments of nature and nurture are typical argumentative factors that may determine whether or not violence and the tendency to engage in war is an inherent trait of men. Although the argument that nature is responsible for determining man’s conduct‚ the cultural values of men is a better and more realistic means of explaining the conflicts of
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The Right to Freedom of Expression and Religion This chapter includes two rights: a) the freedom of opinion and expression and b) the freedom of conscience and religion. Although these are two distinctive rights‚ they are in the same group as they both entail essential conditions for individual personal development. These rights are juxtaposed because freedom of expression is a quintessential aspect of the freedom to hold‚ practice and share one’s religious beliefs. It is important to note‚ however
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The heart of the emancipatory theory of Marxism is the idea that the full realization of human freedom‚ potential‚ and dignity can only be achieved uner conditions of “classlessness – the vision of a radically egalitarian society in terms of power and material welfare within which exploitation has been eliminated‚ distribution is based on the principle “to each according to need‚ from each according to ability” and the control over societ’ys basic productive resources is vested in the community rather
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University of Phoenix Material Appendix D Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Ethnic group |Being a member of an ethnic group‚ especially of a group that is a minority within a larger society. | |Anti-Semitism |Discrimination against or prejudice or hostility toward Jews. | |Islamophobia
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the promotion or justification of terrorism. In the United States more than in Europe‚ during the Cold War‚ such restrictions applied to Communists. Now they are more commonly applied to organisations perceived as promoting actual terrorism or the incitement of group hatred. Examples include anti-terrorism legislation‚ the shutting down of Hezbollah satellite broadcasts‚ and some laws against hate speech. Critics claim that these limitations may go too far and that there may be no due and fair judicial
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