In economics‚ the terms circular flow of income or circular flowrefer to a simple economic model which describes the reciprocal circulation of income between producers and consumers.[1][2] In the circular flow model‚ the inter-dependent entities of producer and consumer are referred to as "firms" and "households" respectively and provide each other with factors in order to facilitate the flow of income.[1] Firms provide consumers with goods and services in exchange for consumer expenditure and "factors
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Last year many famous pop and sports stars earned millions of dollars each. Many other entertainment and sports personalities also have very high incomes. On the other hand‚ most people in ’ordinary’ professions like nurses‚ doctors and teachers earn only a small fraction of the income of these ’stars’. What do you think about stars receiving very high salaries? Is it fair that jobs that directly help people are paid much less? Some people may argue that while those pop and sports stars are earning
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In addition to its direct effect on poverty‚ inequality also effects poverty indirectly through its impact on growth. Initial cross-country studies found that greater initial income inequality actually reduces future growth even after controlling for initial levels of GDP and human capital. Evidence predominantly suggests that inequality is bad for growth. The World Development Report 2000/01 concludes that better distribution is possible without a reduction in economic growth. In other words there
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Equilibrium Level of Income The Consumption and Saving Functions Consumption is the part of income spent on goods and services yielding direct satisfaction. It occupies the biggest chunk of the expenditure on output. Y= C+S Where Y= Income C= Consumption S= Saving Factors Influencing Consumption 1. Distribution of national income 2. Interst rate 3. Desire to hold cash 4. Price level 5. Population 6. Income 7. Taxes 8. Attitudes and values Consumption function is the relationship
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time? (Muni) Write the history of national income estimates in India? What are the estimates of National Income before and after independence? Ans: Estimations of National Income before independence: Several estimates of National Income were prepared during the British period. The 1st estimate of national income was prepared by Dadabhai Nauroji for the year 1867 - 68. Accordingly the N.I and Per Capita Income of the country were Rs. 340 crores & Rs
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Gender Income Gap Diane Smith ENG 122 English Composition II Instructor Stephanie Derisi August 30‚ 2014 Gender Income Gap In American society today there is an imbalance in the gender income gap between men and women in the work force. Many factors such as discrimination‚ productivity‚ educational background and disproportional hours worked contribute to this ongoing challenge. While many are skeptical‚ others remain to have strong beliefs that women and men are treated equally. In most
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However‚ every income is taxable under income tax law‚ whether it is received in cash or in kind‚ whether it is capital or revenue income‚ but still some incomes are given exemption from tax. In this lesson we will study those incomes which are exempt from tax. Here are some of the important items of income‚ which are fully exempt from income tax and which can be utilised by a resident individual Indian assessee for the purpose of tax planning. ➢ AGRICULTURAL INCOME: Under the
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in. Income inequality is a touchy subject for some. For most though‚ it’s a subject that needs to be discussed in our society today. Minority households in my opinion seem to suffer more from income inequality than Whites. We should all want to know what the problem is. I don’t think it’s because whites have all the better paying jobs than minority workers. From my understanding of information gathered women and minorities continue to bring home less than white men because of the way income inequality
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INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Still to date‚ the problem of income inequality is an issue of a great importance for million of African-Americans and others who struggle to improve their quality of life. It must be known by now‚ that economic injustice has had a devastating impact on black communities all across America. Issues such as inequality and racial discrimination in education‚ the social environment‚ and economics have gone on for too long‚ and it has been engraved
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[pic] [pic] Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree [pic] DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled‚ Income Tax Planning in India with respect to Individual Assessee submitted by me to the Department of Business Management of XXXXX‚ is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institute for the Award of any degree diploma/certificate or published any time before. Date: (XXXX) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A
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