Equilibrium Level of Income The Consumption and Saving Functions Consumption is the part of income spent on goods and services yielding direct satisfaction. It occupies the biggest chunk of the expenditure on output. Y= C+S Where Y= Income C= Consumption S= Saving Factors Influencing Consumption 1. Distribution of national income 2. Interst rate 3. Desire to hold cash 4. Price level 5. Population 6. Income 7. Taxes 8. Attitudes and values Consumption function is the relationship
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time? (Muni) Write the history of national income estimates in India? What are the estimates of National Income before and after independence? Ans: Estimations of National Income before independence: Several estimates of National Income were prepared during the British period. The 1st estimate of national income was prepared by Dadabhai Nauroji for the year 1867 - 68. Accordingly the N.I and Per Capita Income of the country were Rs. 340 crores & Rs
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However‚ every income is taxable under income tax law‚ whether it is received in cash or in kind‚ whether it is capital or revenue income‚ but still some incomes are given exemption from tax. In this lesson we will study those incomes which are exempt from tax. Here are some of the important items of income‚ which are fully exempt from income tax and which can be utilised by a resident individual Indian assessee for the purpose of tax planning. ➢ AGRICULTURAL INCOME: Under the
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Gender Income Gap Diane Smith ENG 122 English Composition II Instructor Stephanie Derisi August 30‚ 2014 Gender Income Gap In American society today there is an imbalance in the gender income gap between men and women in the work force. Many factors such as discrimination‚ productivity‚ educational background and disproportional hours worked contribute to this ongoing challenge. While many are skeptical‚ others remain to have strong beliefs that women and men are treated equally. In most
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in. Income inequality is a touchy subject for some. For most though‚ it’s a subject that needs to be discussed in our society today. Minority households in my opinion seem to suffer more from income inequality than Whites. We should all want to know what the problem is. I don’t think it’s because whites have all the better paying jobs than minority workers. From my understanding of information gathered women and minorities continue to bring home less than white men because of the way income inequality
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INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Still to date‚ the problem of income inequality is an issue of a great importance for million of African-Americans and others who struggle to improve their quality of life. It must be known by now‚ that economic injustice has had a devastating impact on black communities all across America. Issues such as inequality and racial discrimination in education‚ the social environment‚ and economics have gone on for too long‚ and it has been engraved
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[pic] [pic] Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree [pic] DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled‚ Income Tax Planning in India with respect to Individual Assessee submitted by me to the Department of Business Management of XXXXX‚ is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institute for the Award of any degree diploma/certificate or published any time before. Date: (XXXX) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A
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Per capita income Definition The total national income divided by the number of people in the nation Another definion Per capita income means how much each individual receives‚ in monetary terms‚ of the yearly income generated in the country. This is what each citizen is to receive if the yearly national income is divided equally among everyone. ... Formula of per capita income per capita income= national incomepopulation Per capita income of pakistan The economic survey of Pakistan 2009-2010
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A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region‚ including gross domestic product (GDP)‚ gross national product (GNP)‚ net national income (NNI)‚ and adjusted national income (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion). All are specially concerned with counting the total amount of goods and services produced within some "boundary". The boundary is usually defined by geography or citizenship‚ and may also restrict
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Maryanne D. Exiomo June 9‚ 2011 Case Study – Modernization of NTUC Income Prof. Ray Ganotice 1. What were the problems faced by Income in this case? How were the problems resolved by the new digital system? - Income had problems with how they process their insurance because it is very tedious and paper-based. The way they do business costs them time‚ because it takes them more days to finish a certain request for insurance; money‚ because they need to upgrade HP3000 mainframe
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