The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
Premium Costs Economics of production Variable cost
Initial cash flow at t=0: Purchase: -$700‚000 Shipping and installation: -$100‚000 Depreciable basis = $800‚000 Old machine after taxes = $120‚000 - ($120‚000-$80‚000)(.40) = $104‚000 Initial Cash flow = -$800‚000 + $104‚000 = -$696‚000 Depreciation: Year 1: $800‚000 * .3333 = $266‚640 Year 2: $800‚000 * .4445 = $355‚600 Year 3: $800‚000 * .1481 = $118‚480 Year 4: $800‚000 * .0741 = $59‚280 Yearly revenue change: Decrease operating expenses of $90‚000 Incremental net cash flow at t=1:
Premium Income statement Cash Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Costs and Revenues What is cost? If you go to a store and like an item and you want to buy it‚ which of the following questions would you ask: What’s the price of …..? 0R How much does …. cost? Examples of costs – set-up Examples of costs - running Fixed Costs 5000 What happened to the fixed costs if for some reason the company had technical problems and was unable to produce for 2 weeks? What happens if the landlord decided to raise the rent due to high property prices
Premium Variable cost Costs Cost
Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list‚ project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation. Software development project managers should prepare several types of cost estimates for most projects. Three
Premium Project management Cost
Opportunity Costs‚ Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage Abstract This work defines and illustrates examples of opportunity cost. It also defines and compares comparative and absolute advantage. Then‚ the work extends the narrative to compare these terms in today’s society. Opportunity Costs‚ Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage Example 1: | Potatoes | Chickens | Michelle | 200 | 50 | James | 80 | 40 | * What is Michelle’s opportunity cost of producing potatoes
Premium Economics
used to perform the measuring and controlling of the project costs. The Project Manager and Project Sponsor will review the following earned value measurements: 1. Schedule Variance (SV) 2. Cost Variance (CV) 3. Schedule Performance Index (SPI) 4. Cost Performance Index (CPI) 5. To Complete Cost Performance Index (TCPI) 6. Estimated Actual Cost at Completion (EAC) Schedule Variance (SV) is a measurement of the schedule performance for a project‚ and is calculated by subtracting the Planned Value
Premium Cost Costs Management
different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
Premium Costs Variable cost
The Super Project Flows: 1) Test Market Expenses: Do not Include it is a sunk cost and cannot be recovered if the project were not to become operational. 2) Overhead cost: The Super project will initially not require incremental overhead costs. However‚ if and when the project grows‚ incremental overhead expenses will be incurred specific to the project. This has to be captured in capital budgeting to accurately assess the project. Here we assume that the project will not require considerable
Premium Net present value Internal rate of return Investment
Behavioral Costing British Aerospace case study A. Introduction When we think about the cost of an aircraft‚ we tend to think of the cost of buying the product rather than the costs of running it! British Aerospace’s service to the customer does not stop at the aircraft acquisition stage‚ when the airplane is sold to the customer. If anything‚ this is when the customer relationship begins. This case study focuses upon the processes involved in behavioral costing aircraft components. Given
Premium Cost Costs Price
Describe the schedule of cost goods manufactured. How does it tie into the income statement? 5. Why are product costs sometimes called inventoriable costs? Describe the flow of such costs in a manufacturing company from the point of incurrence until they finally become expenses on the income statement. 6. Is it possible for costs such as salaries or depreciation to end up assets on the balance sheet? Explain. 7. “The variable cost per unit varies with output‚ whereas the fixed cost per unit is constant
Premium Variable cost Revenue Costs