operating costs Making a profit is usually the primary aim of running any business‚ and although this is normally achieved by increasing sales‚ it can also be enhanced through the careful control of costs. A business that keeps costs under control will be able to release more resources for growth and be better placed to survive in a downturn or recession. A structured and ongoing approach to cost control is an essential part of any well-managed business. Finding ways to reduce operating costs is
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ACC307 #32 1) Professional Labor Hours Indirect Costs Direct Costs Legal Support Indirect-Cost Pool Cost-Allocation Base Cost Object: Direct Labor Job for clients Direct Costs 2) 2008 budgeted direct-cost rate per hour of professional labor $104‚000 / 1600 hours = $65 per professional labor hour 3) 2008 budgeted indirect-cost rate per hour of professional labor $2‚200‚000 / (25 x 1600 hours) = $55 per professional
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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Criticism on historical cost accounting 1. Inability to provide useful information in times of rising prices * Assumes that money holds a constant purchasing power‚ so the result become irrelevance in times of rising prices * Received much criticism during high inflation periods of 1970s and 1980s. * Obvious flaw in time of rising prices. 2. Real problem of additivity * Some countries allowed revaluation of non-current assets and the different assets are revaluing
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Conceptual Framework Cost Accounting Cost accounting‚ as a tool of management‚ provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products‚ operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification‚ analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes‚ or actual (historical) costs for evaluating
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Sippican’s cost system‚ should executives abandon overhead assignment to products entirely and adopt a contribution margin approach in which manufacturing overhead is treated as a period expense? Why or why not? 2. Calculate the practical capacity and the capacity cost rates for each of Sippican’s resources: production and setup employees‚ machines‚ receiving and production control employees‚ shipping and packaging employees‚ and engineers. 3. Use these capacity cost rates and
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the relevant cost is the cargo cost only. Therefore‚ profit contribution of carrying I ton of tapioca from Balik and Singapore: Expected revenue $5.10 Less freight cost (0.25+0.56) 0.81 Profit Contibution 4.29 From Singapore to Balik: Expected Revenue $2.70 Less freight cost (0.16+0.32+0
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allocate service department costs to “production” or user departments‚ and ultimately to the products and services that they provide. For example‚ hospitals use sophisticated methods for allocating costs of service departments such as Housekeeping‚ Patient Admissions‚ and Medical Records to patient wards and outpatient services‚ and then to individual patients. Historically‚ these allocations were important to hospitals because Medicare reimbursement was based on actual costs. To the extent that the
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Was the existing system adequate in the past? Why or why not? Why is it no longer adequate? The existing system was adequate in the past due to heavy reliance on direct labor hours. The ETO served as a central cost center‚ and transferred the costs to other divisions at direct costs plus allocated burden. Being in the late 1970s and early 1980s‚ technology testing of components required fewer cycles‚ and less complicated structures. Hence‚ such testing on products could be carried out by direct
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Low-Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies Laura Allard November 21‚ 2010 William Hogan Management Cases Upper Iowa University Abstract This paper discusses Low-Cost Leadership and Differentiation business strategies. The paper explains what each strategy is and how they can be applied‚ utilized and maximized as strategies for a company. Suggestion of methods to implement and the strategies are discussed‚ including when the strategies work best. Low-Cost and Differentiation
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