y Strategic Management & Business Policy‚ 12e (Wheelen/Hunger) Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Strategic Management 1) Strategic management is one decision that determines the short-term performance of a corporation. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management 2) In the externally oriented planning phase‚ plans are developed by heavily involving the input of managers from lower levels. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: The Study of Strategic Management
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Chapter 14 – The Congress‚ the President‚ and the Budget * Introduction The battle of the budget is at the center of American politics. Two questions are central to public policy: Who bears the burdens of paying for government? Who receives the benefits? The public budget is a policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures). A budget deficit occurs when expenditures exceed revenues in a fiscal year. Americans want the government to balance the budget‚ maintain or increase
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Evaluate the contribution of Mintzberg’s concept of 5 Ps for strategic thinking‚ illustrating your answer with appropriate examples. Mintzberg (1989) has suggested the 10 different schools of thought for strategy. In the 10 schools of thoughts‚ they are categorized into two major approaches to strategy; one is the Prescriptive approach while another is the Descriptive approach. The Prescriptive approach focusses on the formulation of strategy in intended manner while the Descriptive approach views
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departments Determination of objectives Development of a program of action covering the various activities of the company in the light of direction and unity of purpose provided by the objectives Modern Approach 1. Intuition 2. Disjointed Incrementalism: This approach to strategy making reflects an attitude of management having strong preference for acting only when forced to‚ and then considering a few convenient alternatives involving only small disruptive changes in the organization. 3.
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Many political scientists take issue with incrementalism pointing out that it is not the way a government should be ran. Yet‚ it is still highly touted as the way that officials actually do make decisions. This theory makes the opposite assumptions of the rational-comprehensive theory. Incrementalism assumes: [1] the goals are unclear; [2] the problem‚ goals and implementation are intertwined and will evolve; [3] alternatives
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PUBLIC POLICY Public policy may be defined as a course of action taken by a government to address an issue or a matter of national importance or resolve a problem or a crisis ~ Peter Johnson Other definitions of public policy are: "Public policy is a purposeful and consistent course of action taken as a response to a perceived problem of a nation‚ formulated by a specific political process‚ and adopted‚ implemented and enforced by a public agency." ~ Wayne Hayes " The term public policy
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with “Strategies for Change: Logical Incrementalism” gave the actual kick-off to this SoT. According to Lindblom only 10% of the conceived strategies are implemented. The problem is the split between formulation and implementation. For a strategy to be effective there has to be a sum of small actions and individual decisions. In other words‚ individuals contribute to the strategic process from all positions in the organization. In disjointed Incrementalism by Lindblom‚ decisions are made to solve
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But a more realistic analysis suggests that bureaucracies often make decisions based on a much more limited range of information and analysis. In one of the earliest formulations of this view‚ bureaucracies make decisions by "muddling through." Charles Lindblom’s classic article "The Science of Muddling Through" (1959) outlined his view that the U.S. executive bureaucracy uses limited policy analysis‚ bounded rationality‚ and limited or no theory at all in formulating policy. In some ways‚ Lindblom
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MODULE ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET MATRICULATION NUMBER: 40178574 Please ensure that you have removed your name from your assignment – don’t forget to check both the header and the footer. Please do include your Matriculation Number‚ though. MODULE TITLE: Leading Strategic Decision-Making MODULE NUMBER: TR1 2014-15 NAME OF MODULE LEADER: David McGuire DATE OF SUBMISSION: Wednesday December 17‚ 2014 DECLARATION I agree to work within Edinburgh Napier University’s Academic Conduct
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be and how often does it occur? 6. What is bounded rationality? 7. What are the alternatives to the rational model of policy making and what are their characteristics? 8. Does politics affect public policy making and‚ if so‚ how? 9. What is incrementalism? Chapter 1 10. How is public policy legitimized? 11. What influences
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