A. Public expenditure and revenue management is a major headache for many countries. Having and maintaining a good expenditure and revenue management system is a primary goal of many governments especially in the developing world. Kariba‚ like many other developing countries is faced with so many public expenditure and management problems that need to be addressed urgently as the current state of the economy is nothing to write home about. Problems such as High levels of indiscipline in resource
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Strategic Decision Making Decision making is the most important function of any manager. Strategic decision making is the prominent task of the senior management. Both kinds of decision making are essentially the same. The difference lies in the levels at which they operate. While decision- making pertains to all managerial functions‚ strategic decision making largely relates to the responsibilities if the senior management. Conventional Decision - Making Most people agree that decision
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functional) which form a hierarchy of strategy. • Strategic decisions are rare‚ consequential‚ and directive. • Top managers tend to use one of three modes of strategy formulation: entrepreneurial‚ adaptive‚ planning‚ or logical incrementalism. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION
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INTODUCTION Public administration is indispensable of decision making because decision making very crucial in the sustenance of organisations. There are a number of decision making models .These include rational comprehensive model‚ satisficing model‚ incremental model and mixed scanning model. All of them have their assumptions‚ strengths and weaknesses to be discussed below. None of these models is the best but it depends on the nature of the problem at hand. However‚ one may argue that rational
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International Strategic Management Case Study Assignment No. 1 Strategy is usually related and sometimes confused by people with planning. But as time course shows in the study of companies‚ there are different approaches of how a company can develop its strategy. Johnson‚ and Shcoles‚ in their book "Exploring Corporate Strategy" had studied the different ways that companies develop their strategy. The authors had formulated and structured three general ways how companies build it‚ there are:
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INNOVATION AT PROGRESSIVE – Pay As You Go Insurance1 Progressive had captured 10% of the market and as the largest writer of auto insurance wrote 80% of its insurance premiums through independent agents. As an insurance company‚ it displayed strong characteristics of success‚ incrementally attained. Their methodology seemed to have a close correlation to the design rules for innovation‚ as expressed by Gary Hamel2. According to Hamel‚ “no company outperforms its aspirations”. For Progressive
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Education policy is a touchy subject in America‚ especially with the decline in test scores among American public schools. Many people blame teachers for not helping students. Others use the age-old argument that the younger generations “just don’t care anymore.” However‚ the problem is more nuanced than that. One problem is that becoming a teacher is not a viable option for many. Due to the under-funding of education‚ many teachers have to settle for much lower wages than those in other countries
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Demand‚ Supply and Price Market Buyers- households/demanders Suppliers- producers/firms Demand-The ability and willingness to buy specific quantities of good at alternate prices in a given time period Or the desire to buy a product‚ which is backed up by willingness and ability to pay for the it. • Quantity demanded- the amount of a product that the consumers wish to purchase. • Demand schedule- a table which shows the quantities of a good‚ a consumer is willing and able to buy at alternate
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Why Do Governments Find It So Hard To Control Public Expenditure? Since the 1970 ’s rising public expenditure has become a politically salient issue‚ with the focus being on the difficulties experienced in trying to control it. In order to answer a question concerning why governments find it hard to control public expenditure it is first necessary to look at the reasons for the growth in public spending. There are three approaches which attempt to give reasons for growing public expenditure
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STRATEGY AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT What is Strategy? A strategy is a long-term approach to implementing a firm ’s business plans to achieve its business objectives. It is also defined as the art and science of planning and marshalling resources for their most efficient and effective use. However‚ Johnson and Scholes (Exploring Corporate Strategy) define strategy as follows: "Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization
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