kamaraj- he was instrumental in bringing to power two Prime Ministers‚ Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966. In Tamil Nadu‚ his home state‚ he is still remembered for bringing school education to millions of the rural poor by introducing free education and the free Midday Meal Scheme during his tenure as chief minister. On 13 April 1954‚ K. Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Madras Province. To everyone’s surprise‚ Kamaraj nominated C. Subramaniam and M. Bhakthavatsalam‚ who
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Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based on the Islamic principles. Quaid-e-Azam once said: “Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the field of Islam.” From the above statement‚ it is clear that ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic one. Two Nation Concepts The fundamental concept of ideology is that Muslims should get a separate identity. They should have a separate
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The promotion of the low castes and the untouchables within the Indian political system: a "Silent revolution". 4 1) The processes of positive discrimination towards the untouchables: a political and social promotion at first limited which does not question the domination of elites. 5 2) The difficult expansion of the measures of positive discrimination towards the other low castes. 8 3) The advent of the caste inside the Indian political system and the effective promotion of the low castes
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Mahatma GandhiMohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી‚ pronounced [moːɦən̪d̪aːs kərəmʨən̪d̪ ɡaːn̪d̪ʱiː] ( listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience‚ a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa‚ or total nonviolence‚ which helped India to gain independence‚ and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom
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Councellor and Finance Member of the Government of Bihar and Orissa. So far as I remember Dr. Sinha was the first Indian who was ever appointed as a Finance Member of a Province. He has a particular taste for education having been Vice-Chancellor of the Patna University for eight years. Over and above all this‚ Dr. Sinha is the oldest Congressman among us. Up till 1920 he was a member of the Congress‚ being at one time its Secretary. After the year 1920 when we started on a new way to gain freedom he parted
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India. He is the first Indian Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term. He is the first Sikh to hold the post. Singh is also the 12th Prime Minister under an Indian National Congress Party Government. Singh is widely credited for carrying out economic reforms in India during his tenure as the Finance Minister from 1991 to 1996. These reforms resulted in the end of the infamous Licence Raj system and opened the Indian economy to international
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah‚ who was already a member of Indian National Congress. The Muslim League changed its major objective and decided to join hands with the Congress in order to put pressure on the British government. Lord Chelmsford’s invitation for suggestions from the Indian politicians for the post World War I reforms further helped in the development of the situation. As a result of the hard work of Mr. Jinnah‚ both the Muslim League and the Congress met for their annual sessions at Bombay in December
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Viceroy and London civil servant officials who acted as government (Indians had little representation) Princely states ‘independent’ but run by British crown Political parties formed to lobby the British Raj Nationalist movement: Beginning of 20th Century‚ growing feeling among educated Indians that British rule in India should end Indian nationalists formed the Indian National Congress (1885)‚ fighting for Indian independence. The Congress wanted a single united country but the Muslim League wanted India
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one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj. Subhas Chandra Bose was born to an affluent family in Cuttack‚ Orissa. His father‚ Janakinath Bose‚ was a public prosecutor who believed in orthodox nationalism‚ and later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council. His mother was Prabhavati Bose‚ a remarkable example of Indian womanhood. Bose was educated at Cambridge University. In 1920‚ Bose took the Indian Civil Service entrance examination and
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against the basic principles governing our national life and providing meaning to our new identity. Our national movement was the biggest and the most widespread anti-imperialist movement in world history‚ because it was a movement of all patriotic elements drawn from the diverse regions‚ language groups‚ religious communities‚ castes‚ and tribes‚ urban and rural segments. Inter-communal and inter-caste tensions and violence over the years have disturbed national peace and order. In recent years there
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