Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness By Nick Williams CHM 152 Lab dates: Aug 28th 2013 Dr. Weide Abstract: When a polyatomic ligand with multiple lone pairs of electrons available for bonding to a central metal ion forms a complex with a metal ion‚ a process known as chelation takes place. Metal ion impurities can be found by using disodium salt of EDTA to determine the concentration of M2+ by complexometric or chelometric titration. Erichrome Black T makes it easy to see
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CHM152LL LAB MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Introduction Complex ions When a neutral molecule or anion (a Lewis base) donates electron pairs and attaches itself to a metal ion center (a Lewis acid)‚ the resulting cluster‚ or complex‚ of atoms becomes a single complex ion. When such complexes form‚ the electron donating groups (called ligands) form coordinate covalent bonds through empty orbitals on the metal ion. An example
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Marz Jhon V. Patricio QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE ACIDITY OF SOFT DRINKS I. Introduction A. Principle Titration is a laboratory method that is the slow addition of one solution to another until the reaction reaches neutralization‚ which is often indicated by color change. Acid-base titration is the most frequently used procedure to determine the concentration of an acid or basic solution. This titration is also called as neutralization reaction. By adding an indicator to the solution‚ we will
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ü R T H TRANSLATED BY A. D. COWPER WITH 3 DIAGRAMS DOVER PUBLICATIONS‚ INC. l. MOLECULAR DIMENSIONS III A NEW DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR DIMENSIONS (From the Annalen der Physik (4)‚ 19‚ 1906‚ pp. 289-306. Corrections‚ ibid.‚ 34‚ 1911‚ pp. 591-5922.](23) T HE kinetic theory of gases made possible the earliest determinations of the actual dimensions of the molecules‚ whilst physical phenomena observable in liquids have not‚ up to the present‚ served for the
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Title of the Experiment: determination of densities Introduction The density of a sample of matter represents the mass contained within a unit volume of space in the sample. For most samples‚ a unit volume means 1.0 ml. The units of density‚ therefore‚ are quoted in terms of grams per milliliter (g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for most solid and liquid samples of matter. Density is often used as a point of identification in the determination of an unknown substance. The density
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Chapter 4 Exchange Rate Determination 1. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0.73. Yesterday‚ the value of the Australian dollar was $0.69. The Australian dollar _______ by _______%. A) depreciated; 5.80 B) depreciated; 4.00 C) appreciated; 5.80 D) appreciated; 4.00 ANSWER: C SOLUTION: ($0.73 – $0.69)/$0.69 = 5.80% 2. If a currency’s spot rate market is _______‚ its exchange rate is likely to be _______ to a single large purchase or sale
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The Spectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant. Abstract: The report presents determination of equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion FeSCN2+. This was accomplished using a colorimeter to measure absorbance of some known concentration solutions in order to generate the calibration curve. The equation of the graph was used to compute the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products‚ needed to calculate the equilibrium constant for
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exception‚ as the book follows her ascent from only being capable of reaching the Love and Belonging level while she is the wife of Jody Starks to having the potential to reach the Esteem level after she weds Tea Cake Woods. Zora Neale Hurston’s indirect characterization of Jody Starks as egotistical and Tea Cake as equitable in Their Eyes Were Watching God enables her to convey Janie’s acquired ability to reach the Esteem Level on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as she remarries. Joe Starks is Janie’s
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There were many direct and indirect causes for World War Two to start‚ such as‚ Japan’s enormous expansion‚ Germany’s attack on Poland‚ and World War One’s repercussions on the involved countries. World War Two across the Pacific was caused by the Nationalists Party of Japan as they wanted to expand and conquer all the East-Asian and Oceanian countries‚ which caused the need for aggressive reactions from USA‚ and plunged both countries into the war‚ even though the US was strongly hoping not to get
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What is an epic hero? Beowulf was an archetype or‚ perfect example of what an epic hero is. Being infallible‚ he had many characteristics that showed this. Three of them are strength‚ bravery‚ and determination. Beowulf was always eager to face anything he was challenged with. Beowulf possessed superior physical strength. If weapons were useless he’d use his hands and the strength in his fingers. (218-220) Beowulf was the strongest of the soldiers. When he was called to fight for his people
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