Essay 1 Is involvement or interaction with one’s society necessary for the growth of the individual? This is a difficult ongoing social issue‚ one addressed by both Ralph Waldo Emerson in “Self-Reliance” and Ruth Benedict in “The Individual and the Pattern of Culture” They both think that the society and the individual are inseparable‚ but they have two sharply different approaches. Compared to Emerson‚ Benedict emphasizes individuals and their interaction with their local culture‚ while Emerson
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Individualism - the lack of it or the excess of it - has often been considered a major problem in the modernization of China. In the early decades of this century reformers championed individualism in opposition to traditional authority in both thought and social life‚ and especially in opposition to the "Confucian" family system. Others contended that what thwarted China’s modernization was not the absence of individualism but rather a surplus of it. The common term for "individualism"
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their lives. In small power distance countries subordinates and superiors consider each other as existentially equal‚ and decentralization is popular‚ while large power distance countries subscribe to authority of bosses and centralization. Individualism vs. collectivism characterizes people’s esteem of individual activities and successes vs. the importance of their belonging to a social group. In an individualist culture people are supposed to take care only of themselves and their immediate families
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against the evil of the world. The concerns of the individual do not matter‚ so long as the idea of Big Brother‚ and consequently‚ the Party‚ are upheld. While Winston is being tortured in the Ministry of Truth‚ O’Brien explains to Winston how his individualism has detached him from the Party and made him insane “But I tell you‚ Winston‚ that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind‚ and nowhere else. Not in the individual mind‚ which can make mistakes‚ and in any case soon perishes:
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A utopian society that requires uniformity defies human nature by repressing the individual. Man is born alone‚ man dies alone‚ and the individual man faces decisions in life alone. No two humans are the same thus‚ no society can become one of perfect uniformity; if it refuses to accept this individuality. Man is an individual born with human nature to reason‚ inquire‚ and desire. In a utopian society‚ the individual is repressed to the extent in which man lives ignorantly. The individual has the
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communications‚ management controls‚ and interdepartmental relations. These specific distinctions are rooted in the contrast between Japanese paternalism‚ which has sometimes been characterized as giving rise to "industrial feudalism‚" and American individualism‚ which might more accurately be characterized as personalism. It is proposed that the underlying factor in all of these distinctions is the Japanese group orientation‚ in which an individual’s self-esteem is based upon group perceptions‚ or what
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The reason self-esteem is increasing because people are using multiple ways to make themselves feel better. Some ways described in the book are; downward social comparison‚ upward social comparison‚ compensatory self-enhancement‚ discounting‚ external attribution‚ internal attribution and basking in the reflected glory. Downward social comparison is comparing your performance with the performance of someone who is doing even worse than you‚ whereas upward social comparison is surrounding yourself
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INDIVIDUAL WORK VERSUS TEAM WORK Virtually every working person I’ve ever come across believes in teamwork. At least they say they do. Sadly‚ a scarce few of them make teamwork a reality in their organizations; in fact‚ they often end up creating environments where political infighting and departmental serenity are the norm. And yet they continue to flaunt their belief in teamwork‚ as if that alone will somehow make it magically appear. I think that only a small minority of companies truly understand
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Forced to be Free Ever since the fall of feudal societies‚ all men have shared an obsession with individualism. Even in the days of fierce nationalism during WWI‚ the idea was still seen as the individual’s endorsement of the state rather than the state’s imposition of an idea. This obsession with individualism reaches not only politics‚ but art‚ culture‚ and even religion (the protestant reform); these ideas shape our modern world and are a driving force in the way each of us think in our daily
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Conformity can be defined as an action or behavior in correspondence with socially accepted standards‚ conventions‚ rules‚ or laws. Thus‚ we are all conformists in a sense. So I pose this question to you: Is it possible to be an individual whilst thinking independently and still conform? The answer? No. You can try to be to be your own ’unique’ self as much and as often as feel necessary. But you shall not succeed. To my knowledge‚ there were really only two individuals in history‚ and these are
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