Developments in Microeconomics ECC001 Topic 1 – Lectures 1 and 2 Recap – Expected Utility and Basic Game Theory Chris Wilson Handout 1 Topic 1: Recap – Expected Utility and Basic Game Theory 1 Expected Utility and Attitudes to Risk 2 Normal Form Games 2a Dominant Strategies 2b Nash Equilibrium 2c Continuous Strategy Spaces - Cournot 3 Extensive Form Games 3a Backward Induction and Subgame Perfection 2 You will be familiar with some of the content in this topic
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In economics‚ utility is a measure of personal satisfaction or level of meeting a need that a good or service meets. For example the initial cup of coffee in the morning meets a large need and provides a large amount of satisfaction (utility). Another example is go under water and hold your breath‚ keep holding it until you think you will pass out. Then come up out of the water‚ that first breath is wonderful -- tremendous utility. That is utility - the meeting of a need or being satisfied. Now
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laws and policies aim to maximize happiness? Laws and policies are described in many dictionaries and it is possible to find many descriptions and ideas of what is the true purpouse of laws and policies. Theodore Roosevelt has said‚ that „No man is above the law and no man is below it: nor do we ask any man’s permission when we ask him to obey it.” This means that it is an important issue we have to pay attention to. In this essay work I would like to go deeper in my own consciousness to explore
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This process is repeated as many times as necessary for the margin of error to be eliminated. Schulz explains this process of shoot‚ analyze‚ revise instead in terms of the Utility of Error. The idea that by being wrong and recognizing it‚ one can make changes to become better. Throughout all walks of life Schulz’s theme of Utility of Error is demonstrated. A few important examples are during schooling
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Managerial Actions to Maximize Shareholder Wealth What types of actions can managers take to maximize shareholder wealth? To answer this question‚ we first need to ask‚ “What determines a firm’s value?” In a nutshell‚ it is a company’s ability to generate cash flows now and in the future. We address different aspects of this in detail throughout the book‚ but we can lay out three basic facts now: (1) Any financial asset‚ including a company’s stock‚ is valu- able only to the extent that it generates
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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY: The law of diminishing marginal utility describes a familiar and fundamental tendency of humanbehavior. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that: “As a consumer consumes more and more units of a specific commodity‚ the utility from the successiveunits goes on diminishing”. Mr. H. Gossen‚ a German economist‚ was first to explain this law in 1854. Alfred Marshal later onrestated this law in the following words: “The additional benefit which a person
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’Hide and seek’ by Vernon Scannell is about a young‚ excitable infant playing the childhood game of hide and seek. It begins by revealing the juvenile excitement experienced by a child when playing a game - ’Call out. Call loud: I’m ready! Come and find me!’ Through the poets use of exclamation marks we can see the child’s joy at partaking in the game. It is exhilarating and fun time for the child‚ but it is also very competitive. The manner in which he hides shows this competitiveness; he meticulously
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Overview Combined water and sewer rates in Portland‚ Oregon are among the highest in the United States. A 2007 survey by Black & Veatch put Portland No. 1 on the list of 50 largest cities water and wastewater survey and No. 6 in 2010.1 A proposed five year rate increases which started in July‚ 2011 by the Portland Water Bureau is likely to push Portland’s water bills significantly above the average for the 50 largest U.S cities. Portland’s combined water and sewer bill would likely total $346 by
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Market Structure Maximize Profits The goal of a firm is to maximize profits‚ to get as much for the firm as possible. In the perfect competition‚ each firm maximizes profits where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). That is‚ the additional revenue from producing additional quantity equals the additional cost incurred in producing that quantity. At an output where MR is greater than MC‚ increasing production increases profits. If MR is less than MC‚ decreasing production increases
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1. Do you think Porsche had to go through the product market of cars and SUV? Did she have other options at the time described in the Case? Based on an analysis of advantages and disadvantages What would you recommend the same point in time? We will use Porter’s forces model to consider the attractiveness of the product market entry of vehicles - Luxury SUVs. Existing competitors - most of the market share the SUV‚ the Porsche is in particular the United States. In 1998‚ there is fierce competition
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