Modernisation refers to a model of a progressive transition from a ’pre-modern’ or ’traditional’ to a ’modern’ society. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that‚ with assistance‚ "traditional" countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have. Modernisation theory also
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the Elizabethan Poor Laws and earlier. Welfare states started to develop when surveys of poverty by people such as Charles Booth showed the inadequacy of welfare provisions that could not deal with poverty particularly with increasing urbanisation and industrialisation (Thane‚ 1996‚ p. 7). The worldwide depression from 1929 would lead countries to consider further welfare developments. High unemployment (12% of the working population in Britain at its worst) showed that better welfare provision was
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spatial transformation and patterns of urban renewal in the city of Johannesburg The political change set off spatial transformation and patterns of urban renewal in the city that are both celebrated and contested by the people. Cities are seats of power and arenas of contro: they are where major economic‚ social‚ and political activity takes place and also sites of international competition takes place. Thus it is no surprise that significant political changes that took place in 1994‚ when South
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the centralised concentration of investment in the centre of the city‚ the poor has to constantly compete with the rich to get the shelter and employment near to the centre of the city. The periphery of the city has been slowed down in terms of urbanisation and development of industries and has gained less government attention. This has driven up the property value and resulted in considerable redevelopment. Globalisation has increased the demand of cheap labour and human resources which has now result
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runs counter to the economic theory of comparative advantage‚ where countries specialize in the production of goods in which they have a particular advantage‚ and then engage in international trade 1. a) The failure of the import substituting industrialisation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Abstract Until the 1930s Latin Americas economic export-led
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The tradition concept of development has for a considerable period of time been driven by economic considerations. Exploitation of natural resources which leads to environmental degradation motivated by targets of maximum profits has been the norm and little regard has been granted to the side effects of development initiatives. Gradual escalation of awareness and realisation of the range as well as the magnitude of environmental effects of development initiatives led to worldwide discussions on
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living in urban areas. The main reason for this is the huge increase in urbanisation which is defined as an increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation is currently at eighty/ninety percent globally. Another reason for this huge increase is the fact that the high income groups are now moving back into the inner city because of redevelopment in some countries‚ this is known as re-urbanisation. The main question that needs to be evaluated though is that to what extent
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An Analysis of emerging spatial pattern in the context of new system of governance In Managing Water Resources: Policies‚ Institutions and Technologies‚ V. Ratna Reddy and S. Mahendra Dev eds. Oxford‚ New Delhi. National Commission on Urbanisation‚ (1988). Urbanisation ‚ Vol. II. Report of the National Commission on Opp. Susan M. (2008). Roles and realities. In Local Sustainable Urban Development in a Globalised World‚ Lauren C. Heberle and Susan M. Opp eds. Hampshire‚ Ashgate Publishing Limited‚ England
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Development and Globalisation Development A process of social and economic advancement in terms of the quality of human life. Development can involve can involve economic‚ demographic‚ social political and cultural changes. Development is a term that can be used in many different contexts whether it is social‚ economical‚ political etc. However generally development refers to an improvement in certain areas: • Economic o An increase in the country’s economy with
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mode of transport. When cities started to come up and industrialisation began bicycles were introduced to the world and the use of horses started to fall big time and was completely eradicated. This marked the beginning of the age of industrialisation‚ so all the lanes and the streets in the urban cities were designed to facilitate the bicycle users and the pedestrians. The roads were widely used by bicyclist; later during the industrialisation automobiles were introduced. Only the rich or the industrial
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