3.86 | Source: Bank Alfalah Annual Report 2011 Profit after taxation for the year 2011 is Rs 1‚762‚691‚ which is just an increase of 3.5%‚ however earning per share‚ a ratio that is closely looked over by the shareholders of a company decreased from Rs. 3.92 to Rs. 3.86. The major reason for this decrease in this ratio is mainly the small increase in profits before taxation‚ increase in provisions and finally‚ the increase in share capital of Rs. 2 million from the past year. Figure [ 2 ]:
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MANAGEMENT DEBT MANAGEMENT PROFITABILITY 4-1 FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS DEFINITION the calculation and comparison of ratios which are derived from the information in a company’s financial statements. Why are ratios useful? Ratios standardize numbers and facilitate comparisons. Ratios are used to highlight weaknesses and strengths. Ratio comparisons should be made through time and with competitors Trend analysis Peer (or Industry) analysis Ratio Comparisons
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The current ratio is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities. The current ratio for the Coca-Cola Company in 2008 was 0.93 (12‚176/12‚988) and for 2009 it was 1.28 (17‚551/13‚721). For every dollar of current liabilities in 2009‚ Coca-Cola has $1.28 of current assets. The ratio indicates that Coca-Cola has enough assets to cover its debts. From 2008 to 2009‚ the company had a large increase in cash‚ which increased their current assets. They also had a similar increase in the
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RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a key dimension of financial management‚ suggesting a relationship between profit and loss as mentioned in the balance sheet of an organization. In Latin ‘ratio’ means reason. In English ‘ratio’ means relationship. Ratio analysis is defined as “the establishment of a reasoned relationship” of a fixed variable character between measurements of certain phenomenon having some kind of linkage. A ratio shows the arithmetical relationship between two figures
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Not an Average Teenager The moral of my life was to finish school‚ go through sports‚ and have a good life‚ a lavish one. One that could be spread throughout the world and secrets shared with others so that they could one day be as successful as you “were”. I wouldn’t consider myself very religious; I don’t get what the pastor is saying half the time because I’ve only read the bible a couple of times‚ when he says find this on this page I never know what he is talking about; sometimes I feel why
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The companies’ financial ratios can be compared with the ratios of other equivalent companies between business sectors at one point of time. These comparisons provide explanations on the relative financial status and performance of the company compared to the relative performance of its competitors. Comparisons are usually made with other companies in the same business sector and the benchmark is assumed to be the suitable value for a company. The assumption here is for the companies in the same
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EQUITY THEORY • This process theory focuses on workers’ perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes and inputs. Specifically they strive to maintain ratios of their own rewards to contributions which are equal to others’ ratios . EQUITY EQUATIONS • Equity – Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) = Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) •Underpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) • Overpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) < Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) > Outcomes
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Owners Equity Name ACC423 III April 1‚ 2013 Roger Beckstead Owners Equity Owner’s equity is the interest that common and preferred stockholders have in a company. Stockholders have paid-in capital in the form of stock and bonds to a company to provide cash intended to be used for operations of the company. Investors use equity accounts to evaluate the strength and liquidity of a company. Investors assess if a company is growing by comparing capital accounts in previous years to present
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Brand equity has become a very strong part for every product. Brand equity refers to the marketing effects or outcomes that accrue to a product with its brand name compared with those that would accrue if the same product did not have the brand name and‚ at the root of these marketing effects is consumers ’ knowledge. In other words‚ consumers ’ knowledge about a brand makes manufacturers/advertisers respond differently
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Equity theory The motivation theories highlighted in the case which are Equity theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory. For the Equity theory which is developed by J.Stacey Adams‚ proposes that employees perceive and assess a ratio of jobs inputs related to the outcomes they received for their performance to seek either equity or inequity in their situation and then corrects any inequity. The term of equity in the Equity theory is related to the concept of fairness‚ justice‚ and treated equally between
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