Chapter 1 Introduction to Capital Market 1. Capital Market Capital markets are financial markets for the buying and selling of long-term debt- or equity-backed securities over one year is traded. Security includes- shares‚ debentures‚ bonds etc. A key division within the capital markets is between the primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets‚ new stock or bond issues are sold to investors‚ often via a mechanism known as underwriting. The main entities seeking to raise
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CONTROL INFLATION Inflation in general terms means expansion. In the context of prices inflation means continuous rise in price level. There are broadly two ways of controlling inflation in an economy: 1). Monetary measures and 2). Fiscal measures I).Monetary Measures The most important and commonly used method to control inflation is monetary policy of the Central Bank. Most central banks use high interest rates as the traditional way to fight or prevent inflation. Monetary
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Q.1 Define Inflation? Ans. Inflation is a condition‚ when cost of services coupled with goods rise and the entire economy seems to go haywire. Inflation has never done good to the economy. Inflation and economic growth are parallel lines and can never meet. Inflation reduces the value of money and makes it difficult for the common people. Causes of Inflation 1. Demand Pull Inflation If the economy is at or close to full employment then an increase in AD leads to an increase in the price level
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Table of Contents Introduction 3 Gross Domestic Product (PPP) 4 Inflation 5 Unemployment Rate 6 Correlation of Inflation and Unemployment 7 Correlation of Unemployment and Gross Domestic Product 7 Correlation of Inflation and Gross Domestic Product 7 Conclusion 8 Appendix 1 8 Appendix 2 9 Appendix 4 10 Appendix 5 10 Appendix 6 11 Introduction Brazil is a country of fast growth and development over the years‚ it is the sixth country with the highest nominal GDP which considered
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Money- Constant Real Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation ...................... Fisher Effect By the quantity equation we have; M .V = P.Y The Quantity theory of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. Inflation= Change in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% - 5% = 9% Thus; Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for inflation. Q.2 Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d
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CURVE The short-run relationship between inflation and unemployment is often called the Phillips curve. In 1958‚ economist A. W. Phillips published an article in the British journal Economica that would make him famous. The article was titled “The Relationship between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in the United Kingdom‚ 1861–1957.” In it‚ Phillips showed a negative correlation between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation. That is‚ Phillips showed that years with
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NG’ANDWE DR. C. MPHUKA DATE: AUGUST‚ 2012. * ABSTRACT This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the Fisher Hypothesis holds in Zambia. The Fisher hypothesis states that nominal interest rates move one-for-one with expected inflation‚ leaving the real rate of interest unaffected. Interest rate is an important variable for macroeconomists because it links the economy of today and the economy of the future through its effects on saving and investment decisions. The validity of
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A Study on Grade Inflation: The Inflation of Grades in American Educational Institutions An epidemic is what one might call the trend of the slowly increasing average in the grades of colleges all across America. It is a particularly subtle ascension‚ albeit a troublesome one. Grade inflation is a major issue in the American educational institutions it affects- data reveals the various causes that lead to the inflation of grades- caused both by students and their instructors‚ which in turn has many
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Is Grade Inflation An Issue? Grade inflation is when instructors award higher academic grades for assignments to students who did not earn the grade they received. Grade inflation is an issue in the United States because students are graduating with grade point averages that they did not earn. While research paints a negative picture of what happens to students who fall behind in school‚ influencing policies and decisions that lead to grade inflation‚ the work force is demanding more of students
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economists. It is popularly yet implicitly understood that decisions taken during economic policies are influenced by the fact that economic growth is fuelled and unemployment level brought down‚ while implicitly a robust growth can actually lead to high inflation (Lacker and Weinberg‚ 2007). In all these years there have been numerous debates‚ research work and published journals that have explored alternative views on the subject. Even in the current context all macroeconomists and policy makers extensively
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