Chapter 1 Introduction to Capital Market 1. Capital Market Capital markets are financial markets for the buying and selling of long-term debt- or equity-backed securities over one year is traded. Security includes- shares‚ debentures‚ bonds etc. A key division within the capital markets is between the primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets‚ new stock or bond issues are sold to investors‚ often via a mechanism known as underwriting. The main entities seeking to raise
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Introduction Unemployment is a huge challenge facing South Africa. There are many people who are looking for jobs but cannot find them mostly because of the slow economic growth rate in the country. South Africa faces structural unemployment where people loose their jobs due to introduction of new technology or relocation of the company‚ these economic disruptions have resulted in high crime rates‚ low production and income as well as lost human capital. The NDP has been put in place to solve the
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CONTROL INFLATION Inflation in general terms means expansion. In the context of prices inflation means continuous rise in price level. There are broadly two ways of controlling inflation in an economy: 1). Monetary measures and 2). Fiscal measures I).Monetary Measures The most important and commonly used method to control inflation is monetary policy of the Central Bank. Most central banks use high interest rates as the traditional way to fight or prevent inflation. Monetary
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Food Inflation In India In recent times‚ food inflation has been perhaps the most challenging problem faced by Indian leaders and policy makers. The trends of inflation of food prices computed on a year on year basis are as shown in fig. 1. Figure 1: Inflation figures for Food Articles‚ Foodgrains‚ Rice and Wheat (Base: 1993-94) Food inflation in India can be estimated by movement of composite food index in WPI. The food index consists of two sub components‚ namely primary food articles and
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Absolute Poverty: Right from the 19th century‚ some researchers are trying to fix some yardstick for measuring poverty in precise terms. Ideally speaking such a yardstick would help us establish a fixed level of poverty‚ known as “poverty line” below which poverty begins and above which it ends. Such a yardstick is believed to be universal in character and would be applicable to all the societies. This concept of poverty is known as “absolute poverty”. Absolute poverty is often known as
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trend of inflation in Bangladesh. The factors contributed the most in the rise hike of essential items‚ particularly food‚ are slow growth in agriculture‚ rise in the world prices of food items‚ sharp depreciation of taka against US dollar and especially against the Indian rupee‚ and rise in the prices of diesel and kerosene. These causes affect our general people directly. As per capita GDP is not responding with inflation‚ purchasing power of people has shrunk drastically. Food inflation is causing
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A Study on Grade Inflation: The Inflation of Grades in American Educational Institutions An epidemic is what one might call the trend of the slowly increasing average in the grades of colleges all across America. It is a particularly subtle ascension‚ albeit a troublesome one. Grade inflation is a major issue in the American educational institutions it affects- data reveals the various causes that lead to the inflation of grades- caused both by students and their instructors‚ which in turn has many
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Is Grade Inflation An Issue? Grade inflation is when instructors award higher academic grades for assignments to students who did not earn the grade they received. Grade inflation is an issue in the United States because students are graduating with grade point averages that they did not earn. While research paints a negative picture of what happens to students who fall behind in school‚ influencing policies and decisions that lead to grade inflation‚ the work force is demanding more of students
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Poverty is a serious issue that has been going on for centuries. Every day there are people who die due to hunger but there are solutions to reducing‚ and even stopping‚ poverty. Global poverty comes in an abundance of shapes and sizes. One of the main sources of poverty is the lack of investment in the future at all levels. The manufacturer outsources to China because he does not want to invest in long-term employees. The government does not want to invest in quality employees through education
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i) Discuss the effects of inflation on consumers in the country. One should wonder how the average wage earner is going to survive in the city with the arbitrary hikes in food prices‚ not only in Kuala Lumpur but word has it that food prices are generally 20 to 30% higher over in East Malaysia. Hawkers and restaurants seem to raise their prices‚ usually citing the oil hikes and its gravy train effect on every thing from higher transportation costs‚ higher labour costs‚ profiteering and essential
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