Formal and informal institutions’ lending policies and access to credit by small-scale enterprises in Kenya: An empirical assessment By Rosemary Atieno University of Nairobi AERC Research Paper 111 African Economic Research Consortium‚ Nairobi November 2001 © 2001‚ African Economic Research Consortium. Published by: The African Economic Research Consortium P.O. Box 62882 Nairobi‚ Kenya Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya‚ Ltd. P.O. Box 46116 Nairobi‚ Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4
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FORMAL AND INFORMAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION Introduction 1. The most prominent quality of a human being is the effective and meaningful way of communication. Humans have a unique and well developed way of imparting or interchanging thoughts‚ opinions‚ or information by speech‚ writing‚ or signs. Communication is well established but not only limited among humans but also in animals and in manmade machines such as computers Communication 2. The word communications comes from a Latin word “Communis
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Group Influence Michelle Harriman PSY400 February 2‚ 2015 Sherri Sedler Group Influence The intent of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of a group of coworkers and peers form the perspective of social psychology. The group will be analyzed in relation to the formation of norms‚ roles‚ hierarchy‚ potential groupthink‚ and any communication patterns as observed. A social interaction within a group of two or more people creates a group environment. These groups create a social power‚ or group
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Conformity is a type of social influence where an individual changes his thought or behavior to adhere to the existing social norm. There are various reasons why people conform‚ perhaps group norms is one of the reasons conformity occurs. Group norms are a certain set rules that govern an individual’s behavior in a group. There are various factors that affect conformity in-group norms. Culture is one such factor‚ if you look at a collectivist society individuals are more likely to conform more
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Informal Roles: Productive I took on the informal roles of a compromiser‚ gatekeeper and encourager during the group interactions (Connery & Vohs‚ 2006). In the compromise role‚ I offered suggestions and encouraged feedback from the group members on my ideas so that we could all have a chance to weigh in on decisions that were being made and come to a collective agreement on how we wanted to proceed. As the gatekeeper‚ I kept up frequent communication online with my group members when we did not
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Interest Groups I. What is an Interest Group? II. Why do people Join Interest Groups? III. Types of Interest Groups IV. Interest Groups Incentives V. Interest Group Strategists VI. Regulating Lobbyists I. Interest Group Interest Group- An organized group of individuals having common goal and actively attempting to influence government policies. II. Why have interest groups been so successful in the United States? Variety of interest due to economic social cleavages among the members of the American
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Conformity and Group Influence & Persuasion and Culture Define: Conformity is the act/need of fitting in with a group and many factors are involved when an individual’s choose to conform to the group. A culture has certain beliefs‚ values‚ and behaviors that are acceptable for that certain culture and persuasion intersects that by looking at an individual’s culture and apply those beliefs‚ values‚ and behaviors in his/her argument to more effectively persuaded the audience. Develop: When
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Characteristics of the informal organization • relationship of cohesion or antagonism: even though you are located at different sectors (levels) within the organization individuals create personal relationships of sympathy or antipathy whose duration or intensity may vary. • Status: individuals that interact in informal groups acquire certain social position or status depending on the role they play in each group without the sense of knowing what position or rank they’re in within the formal
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institutions and the two additional pillars that support informal institutions. Answer: Regulatory Pillar that supports formal institutions and other two additional pillars name are Normative Pillar and Cognitive Pillar. Normative pillar refers to how to values‚ beliefs‚ and actions- collectively known as norms of other relevant players influence the behavior of focal individuals and firms. Cognitive pillar is the school support for informal institutions. It refers to the internalized values and
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Schattschneider. This debate surrounds the extreme amount of power or influence business groups have on government. For most of us who pay attention to government issues‚ it is obvious that the business elites basically make all the decisions concerning society when they only count as the minority in our society. Their rules‚ laws‚ and ways of thinking are usually implemented on the other members of our society. Business groups have first opportunity in making demands and decisions‚ although author
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