Formal and informal institutions’ lending policies and access to credit by small-scale enterprises in Kenya: An empirical assessment By Rosemary Atieno University of Nairobi AERC Research Paper 111 African Economic Research Consortium‚ Nairobi November 2001 © 2001‚ African Economic Research Consortium. Published by: The African Economic Research Consortium P.O. Box 62882 Nairobi‚ Kenya Printed by: The Regal Press Kenya‚ Ltd. P.O. Box 46116 Nairobi‚ Kenya ISBN 9966-944-52-4
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Characteristics of the informal organization • relationship of cohesion or antagonism: even though you are located at different sectors (levels) within the organization individuals create personal relationships of sympathy or antipathy whose duration or intensity may vary. • Status: individuals that interact in informal groups acquire certain social position or status depending on the role they play in each group without the sense of knowing what position or rank they’re in within the formal
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Formal vs Informal Education We all think we know about education as being the one imparted in schools around the country. This system of education‚ devised by the government and based upon a curriculum is called the formal system of education. However‚ in most countries‚ there is also an informal system of education that is totally different from school education and has nothing to do with the strict curriculum and other obligations found in formal education. There have always been long standing
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SUB:ENGLISH TOPIC: INFORMAL LETTER WRITINGIntroduction to Informal Letter Format * Informal letter may be written to your friends‚ parents‚ relatives and to anybody who are close to you. * This type of letter does not demand for any dashing words to impress the recipient. * Informal letter is written to communicate feelings‚ facts or desires to someone. * Mark social and religious occasions-birthday etc. * In order to assure that the recipient receives the message correctly
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The Boy’s Ambition In the sleepy town of Hannibal‚ Missouri things are simple and easy. In the mornings things are quite and people are dozing off‚ but when the steamboats arrive at the wharf things become very hectic. Mornings in Hannibal are quite and sleepy‚ the streets are empty; people are still sleeping or are in their homes. Store clerks are napping against their store fronts. Wooden flats against the edge of the wharf‚ the water from the Mississippi softly crashing upon the town’s edge
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institutions and the two additional pillars that support informal institutions. Answer: Regulatory Pillar that supports formal institutions and other two additional pillars name are Normative Pillar and Cognitive Pillar. Normative pillar refers to how to values‚ beliefs‚ and actions- collectively known as norms of other relevant players influence the behavior of focal individuals and firms. Cognitive pillar is the school support for informal institutions. It refers to the internalized values and
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Ambition‚ it is what alters something’s condition‚ creates change‚ and history. Ambition can be seen all through history‚ from Abraham Lincoln‚ to modern people; it occurs when somebody has a desire for something and furthermore tries and achieves that desire. Ambition can end both positively and negatively depending on the intentions of a mind‚ if one is trying to cause harm then it will be negative‚ but if they are doing something for a good reason‚ then that will be positive. But we also have
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Recognition of Prior Informal Learning (Health & Social Care 4) 4 Re ective Exercise 2 Re ect on a work experience in which you have applied your learning from your life experience to your current Social Services practice. Experience: Describe the experience‚ what happened? In a supervision session I supported Jean‚ a care worker‚ who was finding it difficult to focus on her work because of difficulties she was experiencing at home. Although we had agreed an agenda for this meeting beforehand
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Formal Groups and Informal Groups Formal Group: A formal group is the deliberate and systematic grouping of people in an organization so that organizational goals are better achieved. Now any organization would have a certain formula. They are very essential for the efficient functioning of the organization. What does an organization do? The total no. of people working in an organization is divided into smaller groups (teams or sections or departments) and each group is responsible for fulfilling
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Formal and informal communication structures in the organization In order for order there to be effective communication in the organization there have to be good balance of formal and informal communication in the organization. Informal and formal communications are different in many ways but both exist in organizations. They both have their advantages and disadvantages but as we are about to discuss you will see why the organization cannot function without either one of them. Formal communication
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