authored by Kautilya‚ one o f the ministers of King Chandragupta‚ is the clear evidence of it. However‚ the present system of accounting‚ based on Double Entry System was developed by a Franciscan monk Lucas Pacioli. He published his work on book-keeping in 1491 at Venice in Italy. It was translated and published in English by H.O. Castle in 1543. In 1553‚ James Pule published his work on ‘how to keep a perfect account of debtors and creditors. The most important publication‚ however‚ was that of
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Exporting: producing goods at home then shipping them to the receiving country for sale * Licensing: granting a foreign entity right to produce and sell the firm’s product in return for royalty fee on every unit sold Flip side of FDI: Horizontal direct investment: * FDI in the same industry abroad as company operates in at home. * Expensive‚ must bear costs of establishing production facilities in a foreign
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Types of Foreign Direct Investment: An Overview FDIs can be broadly classified into two types: outward FDIs and inward FDIs. This classification is based on the types of restrictions imposed‚ and the various prerequisites required for these investments. An outward-bound FDI is backed by the government against all types of associated risks. This form of FDI is subject to tax incentives as well as disincentives of various forms. Risk coverage provided to the domestic industries and subsidies
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Horizontal direct effect Horizontal direct effect is a legal doctrine developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) whereby individuals can rely on the direct effect of provisions in the Treaties‚ which confer individual rights‚ in order to make claims against other private individuals before national courts. By virtue of the doctrine of the ‘direct effect’ of Treaty provisions‚ individuals can rely directly on EC law before their national courts. There is no need for implementation of EC law
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Controllable by the department director iii. Opportunity cost iv. Sunk cost v. Direct cost of the agency vi. Indirect cost of providing a particular service 2. Cost of live-trapping and moving beaver that were creating a nuisance in recreational lakes. i. Variable cost ii. Controllable by the department director iii. Out of pocket cost iv. Direct cost of the agency v. Direct cost of providing a particular service 3. The department director’s salary.
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on this date. BBBC applies manufacturing overhead to production on the basis of direct-labor cost. Budgeted totals for 20x4 for direct labor and manufacturing overhead are $2‚100‚000 and $2‚730‚000‚ respectively. Actual results for the year follow. Direct material used ................................................................................................................................ $2‚800‚000 Direct labor ........................................................................
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) FDI or Foreign Direct Investment is any form of investment that earns interest in enterprises which function outside of the domestic territory of the investor. Foreign direct investment is that investment‚ which is made to serve the business interests of the investor in a company‚ which is in a different nation distinct from the investor’s country of origin Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment One of the advantages of foreign direct investment is that
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Discuss the importance of direct and indirect financing for the flow-of-funds function of the financial system. Bottom of Form Content Page 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Flow of funds 5 4. Direct Financing 6 4.1 Advantages 7 4.2 Disadvantages 8 5. Indirect financing 9 5.1 Advantages 9 5.2 Disadvantages 11 6. Global Financial Crisis 11 7. Conclusion 12 8. Referencing and citation 14 9. Appendix 16 1. Executive Summary This report mainly
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ABSTRACT Direct Billing System for Super Market Large grocery stores are nowadays used by millions of people for the acquisition of an enlarging number of products. Product acquisition represents a complex process that comprises time spent in corridors‚ product location and checkout queues. On the other hand‚ it is becoming increasingly difficult for retailers to keep their clients loyal and to predict their needs due to the influence of competition and the lack of tools that discriminate
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country‚ either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Definitions Broadly‚ foreign direct investment includes "mergers and acquisitions
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