Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System – cranial nerves and spinal nerves (relays info to/from the CNS) - Autonomic Nervous System Nerve Tissue – neurons (nerve fibers) and specialized cells (Schwann‚ neuroglia) 1. Neuron cell body contains the nucleus; cell bodies are in the CNS or trunk; protected by bone 2. Axon carries impulses away from the cell body; dendrites carry impulses toward it 3. Schwann cells in PNS: - Layers of cell membrane form the myelin sheath
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it is determined that she has a compressed spinal nerve on the right side. a. Which spinal nerve (what level) is affected? The level is C5-T1 cervical nerves. The specific spinal nerve would belong to the brachial plexus‚ the ulnar nerve. b. How did you determine/decide it was this level? The ulnar nerve branches off of the medial cord‚ which is connected to the cervical plexus. The figure 13.4 in the book lists the innervation of the ulnar nerve is the skin of palmer and medial hand and digits III-V:
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Signals from the SNS also cause the adrenal gland to secrete__ epinephrine and norepinephrine. 3. Neurons can excite or inhibit another neuron. Exciting another neuron will increase the chances of a/an __excites___ in the second neuron. Inhibiting another neuron will make the chances of a/an __inhibits______ less likely. 4. Axons from one neuron can synapse with the dendrites or soma of another axon. These synapses are called _axosomatic___ (on dendrites) and __axodendritic____ (on
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secretes (gives off) chemicals called hormones to specific cells in the body- "target cells" o Target Cells- any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug‚ or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc. 3. Hormones- •The body’s chemical messengers that transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. •The hormones which all move along the bloodstream are each designed for a specific task and will only
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death rates from heart disease‚ stroke‚ accidents‚ etc. The nervous system is a network of neurons (nerve cells) that that sends information to the brain to be analyzed. Neurons live both in and outside the central nervous system. Understanding how the neurons work is vital to understanding the nervous system. Neurons The neuron has two important structures called the dendrite and axon‚ also called nerve fibers. The dendrites are like tentacles that sprout from the cell and the axon is one long extension
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3. Why don’t the terms depolarization and action potential mean the same thing? The terms depolarization and action potential differ because are excitable cells that communicate by transmitting electrical impulses that are capable of producing rapid electrical signals and depolarization in the interior surface of the membrane which becomes less negative and the exterior surface becomes less positive. Additionally‚ when depolarization reaches a certain threshold‚ an action potential is initiated
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muscular activity. The supply of oxygen is also increased. The increased supply of oxygen necessitates an increase in the rate of respiration‚ heart beat and increased blood flow via blood vessels. When physical exercise is stopped‚ the activities of nerves‚ lungs‚ heart and kidney gradually return to their normal conditions. Thus‚ the functions of muscles‚ lungs‚ heart‚ blood vessels‚ kidney and other organs are coordinated while performing physical exercises. In our body the neural system and the
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vesicles with neurotransmitters. The neuron receives information from sense receptors or from chemical messages from neighboring neurons via its dendrites‚ which pass the information to the cell body. The cell body fires an impulse‚ called the action potential‚ down the axon. The impulse is protected and sped along its way by the myelin sheath‚ which is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the axon. Each neuron receives signals from many other neurons. Some signals are excitatory‚ and some are inhibitory
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mechanoreceptors found in the ears. Oooh‚ that smell: Olfaction Olfactory cells line the top of your nasal cavity. On one end‚ olfactory cells have cilia — hair-like attachments — that project into the nasal cavity. On the other end of the cell‚ are olfactory nerve fibers‚ which pass through the ethmoid bone and into the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is directly attached to the cerebral cortex of your brain. As you breathe‚ anything that is in the air that you take in enters your nasal cavity: hydrogen
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BIOLOGY Are eyes enough to enjoy this natural splendour ...? Didn’t you notice the picture drawn by Raju and its caption? What is your opinion about the caption? You too might have got the opportunity to enjoy such scenes from nature. What have your blissful experiences in such situations been? — — — — — Colourful scenes The chirping of birds The gentle pat of the breeze The intoxicating fragrance of flowers The honey-sweetness of mango 7 BIOLOGY Though these are different experiences
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