but is very useful in many functions in the body. Calcium is required in functions such as the contraction and relaxation of muscles. This helps in keeping a regular heartbeat. Calcium is also used in clotting of the blood and the transfer of nerve impulses. Calcium is also an influential player in exocytosis and it helps in the regulation of enzyme activity. Calcium can affect the use of other nutrients in the body and how they are absorbed. It can also aid in disease prevention and lowering blood
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systems. Cnidarians have a network of loosely arranged nerve cells throughout their bodies‚ forming a nerve net. Flatworms such as planarians exhibit a rudimentary brain with nerve cords traversing the length of their bodies. Mammals have highly evolved nervous systems. They have large brains which process information and sense organs located near the brain. The human nervous system is made up of nerves‚ the brain‚ and the spinal cord. The nerves themselves do not form one single system‚ but several
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cerebral cortex / left hemisphere i 1 2 3 ii 8 B 1m SSA helps select or identify correct words from past experience or memory / understand the language / process written words. 1m It sends nerve impulses to muscles of the mouth and face to form words. 1m It receives impulses from the eyes / optic nerve and passes impulse to visual association area. Speech association area A 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m Endocrine glands produce hormones which diffuse directly into the blood. Exocrine glands release their secretions
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compounds. As these compounds react with the receptors‚ an impulse is sent to the brain and is registered as a certain taste or smell. Gustation and olfaction are chemical senses because the receptors they contain are sensitive to the molecules in the food we eat‚ along with the air we breathe. Gustatory System In humans‚ the sense of taste is transduced by taste buds and is conveyed via three of the twelve cranial nerves. Cranial nerve VII‚ the facial
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Laboratory – Muscle Physiology A. MUSCLE TONUS Observations‚ Report and Conclusion: A. Define muscle tonus and give its importance * Muscle tonus refers to a state of slight muscular contraction maintained by synchronous impulses of low frequency‚ discharged by the spinal motor neurons. * Reflex in nature. * Muscle tonus is a small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak‚ involuntary contractions of its motor units. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the
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The action of lifting an arm can seem like a thoughtless movement‚ however‚ there is complex and intricate process that goes on within the human body to make that small movement happen. It involves bones‚ muscles‚ and nerves to complete this process‚ but it would not be able to start without a certain subconscious thought beforehand. Lateral abduction of the arm is defined as raising the humerus‚ radius‚ and ulna bones to ninety degrees‚ parallel to the ground‚ with the elbow extended‚ and wrist
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Nervous System Differences according to: Motor neurons Sensory neurons Autonomic neurons Function Transmits impulses from the CNS which consists of the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands elsewhere in the body Transmits impulses inwards from the sense organs to the CNS Located within the CNS‚ they transmit the electrical impulses generated by the stimuli to other nerves Structure Have Dendrites‚ Cell Body‚ Myelin Sheath‚ Node of Ranvier and Synaptic Knobs. The cell body is
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production of serotonin 1) 2) The term central nervous system refers to the ________. A) brain‚ spinal cord‚ and peripheral nerves B) spinal cord and spinal nerves C) autonomic nervous system D) brain and spinal cord 2) 3) Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. A) nuclei B) tracts C) ganglia D) nerves 3) 4) Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive
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Chapter 8 Vocabulary in the power point slides. Starting on page 240: Afferent nerves-transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS; sensory nerves Analgesia-without sensitivity to pain Anesthesia-without feeling or sensation Aphasia-inability to communicate through speech‚ writing‚ or signs because of injury or disease to certain areas of the brain Arachnoid membrane-weblike middle layer of the three membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord Ataxia-without muscular coordination
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Review Guide Chapters 13-17 Chapter 13 – True or False 1. The nervous system consists of the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and nerves. 2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways. 4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue. 5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS. 6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers‚ or gray fibers. 8. Most
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