animals. (b) Sensory organs allow the body to respond to the stimuli surroundings. Stimuli from the surroundings. Stimuli are changes that happen in the environment. (c) Sensory organs have receptors that receive the stimuli and then‚ send them as impulses to the brain to be analysed. The brain will then‚ give a response through the related effectors. Examples of effectors are muscles and glands. 2. The sensory organs found in humans are the skin‚ eyes‚ nose‚ ears and tongue. 3. Table 1.1
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external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. a region of tissue‚ or a molecule in a cell membrane‚ that responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter‚ hormone‚ antigen‚ or other substance. EYES & VISUAL SENSATION The human eye is capable of seeing only a tiny portion of the electromagnetic spectrum‚ a portion known as visible light. The eye is a highly intricate structure with over 100 million receptors that emit neural impulses when stimulated by light. More specifically‚ they
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Resting potential: the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse. Action potential: the release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon. Axon terminals branches at the end of the axon synaptic knob rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals. Synaptic vesicles saclike structures found inside
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the pupil‚ which regulates light entry into the inner eye and brings objects into focus. Light then then passes through the lens which focuses the light on the retina (made of rods and cones). The retina turns light into nerve impulses and sends it to the brain through the optic nerve. 2. Explain static and dynamic equilibrium. 6 points static equilibrium - The special sense which interprets the position of the head when not moving‚ allowing the CNS to maintain stability and posture. These
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t is plugged into the brain. The brain then processes these impulses where they are transformed into an image in our mind. What our minds experience is an image of the outside world similar to how a television projects an image captured by a television camera. In Putnam’s thought experiment‚ you imagine that your brain has been severed from the nerves connecting it to your senses (eyes‚ ears‚ nose‚ etc.) and has been removed from you skull and placed in a vat filled with the nutritional fluid
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eye controls how much light it receives by reducing and enlarging the size of the pupil. A camera lens has to be adjusted to receive the proper amount of light. Cameras Have no Blind Spot • the human eye has a "blind spot" located where the optic nerve leaves your eye and connects to the brain. At that connection point‚ the eye can’t see anything. A camera lens doesn’t have a connecting point like this and has no blind spot. Table: Similarities & the Difference between Camera and Human Eye Function
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’1 • Copyright © 1995 by Stephen A. Mitchell and Margaret J. Black. Published by BasicBooks‚ A Division of HarperCollins Publishers‚ Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of Amer ica. No part of this book may be re produced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief ^quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For informa tion‚ a4drcss BasicBooks‚ lO East 53rd Street‚ New York‚ NY 10022-5299. Designed by Elliott Beard _2 ^ Library
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have knowledge of the image as a pixelate map of activated and non-activated on the retina. Each photocell have a nerve that connects to a precise area in the visual cortex of the brain. When any photocells becomes activated‚ they send a nerve impulse to the brain‚ while the photocells that are not activated do not send any impulse to the brain. While the brain receive a collection of nerve signals from the eye‚ each signals are interpreted‚ and reconstructs the pixelate map. The brain then interprets
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CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE Cells are the smallest functional units of the body‚ (Waugh‚ A. and Grant‚ A.2010). Most cells are microscopic. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum. The erythrocyte is the smallest cell. The longest cell is the neuron. Cells group together to form tissues‚ each of which has specialised function. Different tissues group together to form organs. Organs are group together to form organ systems‚ each of which performs a particular function that
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system (CNS) • Brain and spinal cord enclosed by cranium and vertebral column – Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • All the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord; composed of nerves and ganglia • Nerve—a bundle of nerve fibers (axons) wrapped in fibrous connective tissue • Ganglion—a knot-like swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are concentrated 12-4 Overview of the Nervous System • Peripheral nervous system contains sensory and motor divisions each with somatic and visceral subdivisions
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