diphtheria‚ smallpox‚ polio‚ and whooping cough‚ are now prevented by vaccination and millions of children’s lives are saved. They contend adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare. On the other hand‚ the Opponents say that children’s immune systems can deal with most infections naturally‚ and that injecting questionable vaccine
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4 Liver Damage Diagnosis 5 Other Applications 5 Study of Evolution 5 Passive Immunity 5 Descriptions Antigen Antibodies are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates‚ and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects‚ such as bacteria and viruses. They are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains—to form‚ for example‚ monomers with one unit‚ dimers with two
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Principles that explains and guides you through biologically systems and how living things function. One principle states: Organisms use feedback mechanisms to regulate growth and reproduction‚ and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. In order to understand this biology principle‚ you must understand the operation of the feedback system‚ and how it is used to regulate growth‚ reproduction‚ and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. The feedback system first consists of a sensor that receives the signal‚ which
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become active‚ even people without symptoms should receive medical treatment. Medication can help get rid of the inactive bacteria before they become active. For someone with a healthy immune system‚ there’s only a 10% lifetime chance of the TB bacteria reactivating and causing the active symptoms of TB. If the immune system has been weakened because of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or other illnesses‚ the risk of moving from an inactive infection to an active symptomatic disease increases to 10%
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AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The illness alters the immune system‚ making people much more vulnerable to infections and diseases. This susceptibility worsens as the disease progresses. HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person (semen and vaginal fluids‚ blood and breast milk). The virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact
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mainly a vegetarian diet with fish and chicken one to two times each week. Which of the following factors is the most important consideration in determining the status of the patient’s immune system? a) Age b) Gender c) Diet d) Environment Correct Response: b) Gender Explanation: There are differences in the immune system functions of men and women. For example‚ many autoimmune diseases have a higher incidence in females than in males‚ a phenomenon believed to be correlated with sex hormones. Autoimmune
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Would the thought of giving your child 19 shots before their 2nd birthday panic you from vaccinations? Most parents do question if vaccinations are necessary for their children to stay healthy. The history of vaccinations started with Edward Jenner. When settlers moved to the New World‚ smallpox took a toll on them causing multiple deaths in the towns. Jenner came up with the theory that exposing others to the virus would create immunity for them. That theory was proven true and created what we
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vaccinations‚ which makes it easier for her antibodies in her immune system to be attacked by that certain disease. The more people that get vaccinated‚ the more people reduce the risk of acquiring a disease. Who has time to get the flu? The flu can last up to two weeks‚ sometimes longer in more severe situations. That’s a lot of time out of work and school. That also risks getting other people sick. Some people have very weak immune systems. If you have the flu and end up giving it to someone else
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the body for flight or fight response‚ where as Chronic depress the immune system and the liver releases energy. The Acute Stress Response – SAM (Sympathomedullary Pathway) Hypothalamus stimulates Sympathetic branch of ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) activates Adrenal Medulla releases Adrenaline or (noradrenaline) Gets body ready for fight or flight response The Chronic Stress Response – HPA (Pituitary Adrenal System) Hypothalamus stimulates Pituitary Gland releases ACTH
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MODULE 3 Innate Immunity 1. Describe the composition‚ function‚ and the purpose of physical‚ mechanical‚ and biochemical barriers‚ The first line of defense against damage and infection is composed of tightly associated epithelial cells including those of the skin and the mucous membranes of the GI‚ GU‚ and respiratory tracts. The highly interconnected mucosal epithelial cell junctions prohibit the passage of microorganisms. Many infectious microorganisms are mechanically cleansed
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