chloride ion concentration of a solution by titration with silver nitrate. As the silver nitrate solution is slowly added‚ a precipitate of silver chloride forms. Ag+ + Cl- AgCl(s) (Ksp for AgCl is 1.810-10) The chloride ion (Cl-) is an important anion found in solids and solutions. Chloride is the predominant anion of sea water with a molarity of approximately 0.54M. Therefore‚ it is an essential component of fluid systems in the body. In this experiment‚ the amount of chloride ion in an
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interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons from the external circuit. The desired products of electrolysis are often in a different physical state from the electrolyte and can be removed by some physical processes. For example‚ in the electrolysis of brine to produce hydrogen and chlorine‚ the products are gaseous. These gaseous products bubble from the electrolyte and are collected 2 NaCl + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2 + Cl2 A liquid containing mobile ions (electrolyte) is produced
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within a sample and their impurities. Information known‚ such as chemical and physical properties‚ about cations and anions can be used to determine what steps should be used to separate the sample into one‚ specific ion. Qualitative analysis involves forming and decomposing complex ions. Qualitative tests are very sensitive‚ allowing to detect a very small amount present in sample. Due to sensitivity‚ cleaning utensils and accurate observations are essential to results. Many basic principles are
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principle Objective:To determine the factors that affecting the equilibrium position Introduction Iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions (NCS-) react in solution to produce thiocyanatoiron(III) (FeNCS2+)‚ a complex ion‚ according to the equation : Fe3+(aq) + NCS-(aq) [pic] FeNCS2+(aq) yellow colourless blood red The colour produced by the complex ion indicates the position of equilibrium. In this experiment‚ iron(III) chloride solution‚ potassium thiocyanate
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SALTS AND THEIR PREPARATION SALTS A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or by ammonium ions. Compounds in which the H+ ions in an acid have been replaced by ammonium ions (NH4+) are called ammonium salts. NOTE: •An anion is a negatively charged ion. Hence:•Hydrochloric acid gives chlorides. E.g. sodium chloride‚ ammonium chloride. •Nitric acid gives nitrates. E.g. barium nitrate‚ copper nitrate. •Sulphuric acid gives sulphates. E.g. silver sulphate
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properties of camphor are a strong odour‚ soft‚ a low melting point‚ insoluble in water and soluble in 2-propanol. A few conclusions can be drawn from these observations. The particles in ionic solids are held tightly by the force of attraction between ions with opposite charge‚ because of this strong force of attraction of positive and negative‚ ionic solids tend to have no odours‚ a high melting point and they are hard. The particles in molecular solids are held by the van der Waals force of attraction
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EXPERIMENT TWENTY Qualitative Analysis of Anions Analysis of Solutions Containing the Ions Cl-‚ Br-‚ l-‚ SO42-‚ CO32-‚ and NO3- This experiment continues the qualitative analysis begun in Experiment 19. Here we will be analyzing solutions to determine the presence of anions. The same techniques that were used for the cation analysis must be used for the anions. If you have not carried out Experiment 19‚ read the introductory section before starting this experiment. The major difference
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a particular ion. By implementing
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configuration of group before‚ anion takes noble gas electron configuration of same group ▪ Halide ions- ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons ▪ ▪ ionic compounds= compounds composed of cations and anions ▪ ionic compounds are electrically neutral ▪ anions and cations attract one another by means of electrostatic force ▪ ionic bonds= electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds ▪ chemical formula=shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in
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INVESTIGATING EQUILIBRIUM EXPERIMENT Objectives 1. To recognize the macroscopic properties of three chemical systems at equilibrium. 2. To observe shifts in equilibrium concentrations as stresses are applied to the systems. 3. To explain observations by applying LeChatelier’s Principle. Materials 12 test tubes test tube rack 2 -100mL beakers beaker tongs safety glasses stand ring clamp wire gauze bunsen burner
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