substance in the Bunsen burner I got a bright yellow colour which means that the Cation for my substance was sodium ions. Anions To find the Anions I had to go through a series of tests to find out which Anion was present. From all the tests I found out that the test for bromine halide worked and the test for sulphate also worked. Conclusion In conclusion I found out that the ions present in my sample where sodium‚ sulphate and bromine. The Cation was sodium and the Anions where sulphur and
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16. In a solid‚ oxide ions are arranged in ccp. Cations A occupy one – sixth of the tetrahedral voids and cations B occupy one third of the octahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound? Solution: In ccp with each oxide there would be 2 tetrahedral voids and one octahedral voids 1/3rd octahedral voids is occupied by B and 1/6th tetrahedral void by A. Therefore the compound can be Illustration 17. In a crystalline solid‚ having formula AB2O4‚ oxide ions are arranged in cubic
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atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic compound Covalent: nonmetal & nonmetal Covalent bonds are shared; Ionic bonds are distributed Covalent bonds are stronger than Ionic bonds Ionic Compounds: Ionic compounds consist of positive and negative ions. The ions are held together by strong attractions between the oppositely charged ions‚ called ionic bonds Properties of ionic Compounds: The physical and chemical
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Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table (with the exception of H). Metalloids border the stair-step line (with the exception of Al‚ Po‚ and At). Metals are on the left side of the chart. When atoms lose or gain electrons‚ they become ions. Cations are positive and are formed by elements on the left side of the periodic chart. Anions are negative and are formed by elements on the right side of the periodic chart. Ionic compounds (such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and
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the electrodes. What is electrolysis? Ionic substances contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ lead bromide contains positively charged lead ions and negatively charged bromide ions. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric current is passed through them. For electrolysis to work‚ the ions must be free to move. Ions are free to move when an ionic substance is dissolved in water or when melted. For example
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change‚ the equilibrium position of the system will shift in a direction to minimize the effect of the change. Iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions (NCS-) react in solution to produce thiocyanatoiron(III) (FeNCS2+)‚ a complex ion‚ according to the equation: Fe3+(aq) + NCS-(aq) à FeNCS2+(aq) Yellow colourless blood red The colour produced by the complex ion indicates the position of equilibrium. In this experiment‚ iron(III) chloride solution‚ potassium thiocyanate solution and
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transferred from a valence shell of an atom to the valence shell of another atom. Ionic bond involves electron transfer across two atoms. The atom which donates the electron is called cation which is a positive ion whereas the atom which gains the electron is called anion which is a negative ion. The opposite charge of cation and anion attract one another due to the electrostatic force which is formed between them. The formation of a ionic bond involves a metal and a non-metal. Thus it forms the ionic
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enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is broken into its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds in the ionic lattice are broken‚ it is an endothermic process‚ ∆H is positive. ’ The IB uses this definition. M+ (g) MX (s) + X- (g) or ’the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid ionic crystal is formed form its ions in the gaseous state‚ at standard temperature and pressure. Because all the bonds
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experimental conditions? Your answer : a. Na+ will be maximally transported. Predict Question 2: Do you think the addition of glucose carriers will affect the transport of sodium or potassium? Your answer : a. Yes‚ it will affect the transport of both ions. Stop & Think Questions: Why did the sodium transport stop before the transport was completed? You correctly answered: c. The ATP was depleted. Why was the equilibrium for the solutes reached earlier? Your answer : a. There was more ATP available.
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invoked to explain the ‘‘rule’’ of aspect-ratio-dependent etching ~ ARDE ! ‚ but no general theory has emerged that captures the variety of seemingly conflicting experimental observations reported in the literature. 1‚2 For example‚ while an ion-neutral synergy model with pure neutral flux shadowing appears to be con- sistent with a wealth of ARDE measurements in semiconductors‚ 2 it does not hold for the etching of insula- tors. Indeed‚ Doemling et al. 3 have reported inverse ARDE
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