Electrons max. * Orbit 3 = 8 Electrons max. * Must fill inner orbits before moving to next level * The electrons in the outer most energy orbit are called valence electrons * Valance shell contains the valence electrons Ion: * An ion is simply a regular atom that is charged * It gets charged when electrons are gained or loss * During a reaction‚ atoms prefer to look like their closest Noble Gas atom in their valence shell * The ionic charge is the charge of the
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not only easier to understand and unambiguous‚ but it is also usually shorter than the common way. The IUPAC system’s uses include naming binary compounds between a metal and nonmetal‚ naming binary compounds between two nonmetals‚ naming polyatomic ions‚ and naming acids and bases. To name binary compounds between a metal and a nonmetal‚ there are two different methods the IUPAC system uses. Type one is used for naming metals that form only one cation. In this method‚ the cation is named first
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Title | Cheers! Turn Water into Wine‚ Milk‚ and Beer | Course/Unit | SCH3U – Solutions and Solubility | Ministry Expectations | Overall Expectations:E3. Demonstrate an understanding of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions.Specific Expectations: E2.1 Use appropriate terminology related to aqueous solutions and solubility‚ including but not limited to: concentration‚ solubility‚ precipitate‚ ionization‚ dissociation‚ pH‚ dilute‚ solute‚ and solvent.E3.1 Describe the properties of
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electrons and form positive cations. NON-METALS gain electrons and form negative anions. IONS Are charges particles. EXMAPLES Atomic Notation and Bohr Diagrams Lewis Dot Diagram Examples Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Negative ION (NON-METAL) Negative ions have 8 valence electrons! Lewis Dot Diagram of an Ionic Compound Lewis Dot Diagrams of an Positive ION (METAL) Positive Ions have no valence electrons! The Octet Rule REMEMBER! All elements want to be like the
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M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ MARKSCHEME May 2010 CHEMISTRY Higher Level Paper 2 18 pages –2– M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –5– Subject Details: M10/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M+ Chemistry HL Paper 2 Markscheme
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Tiffany Ward Scheme For Unknown 2A/B Possible Ions: Cations: Na+‚ K+‚ NH4+ Anions: OH-‚ Cl-‚ NO3-‚ SO42-‚ HSO4- 1.Describe Sample Phase‚ color‚ odor‚ crystal shape‚ amorphous‚ gel-like‚ needle-like‚ powdery‚ etc. 2.Tests on original sample (i) Flame test bright orange Na+ purple K+ no color NH4+ (ii) NH4+ test Place a small portion of original unknown sample in a test tube or spot plate‚ then add a few drops of 1M NaOH solution. At the same time suspend a piece of red
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6 Pages 192-195 Compound • A Pure Substance composed of two or more elements in a FIXED RATIO Ionic Compound • A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal ions (anions) Ionic Bond • The simultaneous strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. As noted‚ ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Yet‚ “why and how” does this type of bonding occur? Figure 1 shows the element Neon.
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conducted to work out the concentration of the chloride ions in the school swimming pool water and to see if it fits in the required range of concentration of chloride ions in the swimming pool water. This was done by titrating a small sample of the school swimming pool water with silver nitrate‚ which would form a white precipitate of silver chloride. The equation of this process is: The end point of the titration (when all of the chloride ions have been precipitated) was determined by the formation
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solid Constituent Particles Nature of forces Examples 1 Ionic solids Positive and Negative ions Strong electrostatic forces of attraction LiF‚ KCl‚ KNO3‚ BaSO4 2 Molecular solids Molecules Van der Waal’s forces. Dipole interactions. Hydrogen bonding I2‚ CO2 (solid)‚ HCl‚ Ice 3 Covalent solids Atoms Covalent bonds Diamond‚ Silicon 4 Metallic solids Positive metal ions (Kernels) and mobile electrons Metallic bonds All metals and some alloys Space Lattice
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works by encapsulating the ion. The PTC-ion system has a hydrophilic interior containing the ion and a hydrophobic exterior. For example‚ the nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction of an aqueous sodium cyanide solution with the alkyl halide 1-bromooctane does not ordinarily take place because 1-bromooctane does not readily dissolve in the aqueous solution. By the addition of small amounts of a phosphonium salt such as hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide‚ cyanide ions can be ferried from the
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