Describe radioactive isotopes as a source of energy. eg. 235U * Describe the build-up of electrons in `shells` and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures and of valency electrons. * Understand that formation of ions implies gain or loss of valence electrons. 2. The Periodic Table. * Describe the Periodic Table as a method of classifying elements in groups and periods and its use to predict properties of elements. * Recognize different blocks in
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Date: 20/03/13 Flame Test – Investigating Compounds Aims To identify the presence of a relatively small amount (ie low concentration) of a metal ion in a compound. Method 1. Clean a platinum or nichrome wire by dipping it into concentrated hydrochloric acid. 2. Hold the platinum or nichrome wire at the hottest or blue part of a non-luminous Bunsen flame. 3. Repeat until the wire does not produce any colour in the flame (note: do not touch the wire‚ as salt in sweat will produce
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raise the temperature of 1 gram of a pure substance by 1 degree Celsius Surface tension is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force Dielectric constant is the diminishing of the attraction of the ions for one another by the solvent Osmotic pressure is the pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane Hypotonic refers to less solute concentrations. These conditions will cause
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facilitated diffusion? Lipid-insoluble solutes are transported across the membrane by a carrier protein. Coupled transporters that move solutes in the same direction are called ___ Symporters Which of the following describes the concentration of ions when the cell is at rest? The concentration of potassium is higher inside the cell. Which of the following is the driving
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Physical properties of Group II metals Ionization The process of removing an electron from an isolated atom (or an ion) to form a cation. First ionization: M(g) M+(g) + 1e- Second ionization: M+ (g) M2+(g) + 1e- Ease of ionization All the Group II elements have two electrons in their outer shell. They can lose these electrons to form positive ions. e.g. Ca Ca2+ + 2e- In the neutral atoms the electrons are held to the nucleus by the electrostatic attraction
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within the bonds. Ionic and Covalent Bonds We will be studying two types of chemical bonds in this module: ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become charged ions. They form ionic bonds‚ a chemical bond that results from electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. This means that in an ionic bond‚ electrons are given up by one atom and gained by another atom‚ and then those atoms are attracted to each other. covalent bond‚ electrons are shared between
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Abstract: When ionic compounds are dissolved in water‚ they break apart into ions. In this lab the opportunity to mix two ionic solutions and observe the results was given. Some ions will remain dissolved and uncombined in the solution even when they are mixed with other ions. When other ions are mixed‚ they form compounds that appear as cloudy or grainy precipitates. The objective of this lab was to observe the formation of compounds and to write the names and formulas of ionic compounds. It is
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Qualitative Test for Some Cations I (The Silver Group) Objective: At the end of the class the student should be able to: 1. Separate‚ detect and identify the ions in a given unknown solution possibly containing the ions of the silver group. 2. Identify the substance responsible for the positive result of each test 3. Point out the suitable conditions necessary for the detection process and the reasons for such conditions Introduction Procedure: 1. 3 test tube labeled 1‚2‚3 was obtained
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Introduction Notes What is Science? Study of/tool to understand/body of knowledge/process to understand the natural world What do Scientists do? Make observations Attempt to discern patters Assume the future is like the past What is Biology? The study of life What is Life? Not ever clearly defined Characteristics of living systems: Highly organized Huge energy users 90% of food we eat is used to keep us going Development Development from a single cell to billons of cells Reproduction
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electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb ’s Law. Ionic compounds‚ when in the solid state‚ can be described as ionic lattices whose shapes are dictated by the need to place oppositely charged ions close to each other and similarly charged ions as far apart as possible. Though there is some structural diversity in ionic compounds‚ covalent
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