theoretical arguments for the opposite: Change propensity decreases as changes accumulate. We argue that unobserved heterogeneity in the inherent change propensity of organizations has biased prior results. Analyses of three data sets yielded positive effects of prior change on further change when we used the methodology of earlier studies. However‚ fixed-effects models that control for heterogeneity yielded negative effects. We conclude that deceleration‚ not repetitive momentum‚ governs change processes
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The relationship between culture and language Wenying Jiang This paper discusses the inseparability of culture and language‚ presents three new metaphors relating to culture and language‚ and explores cultural content in specific language items through a survey of word associations. The survey was designed for native Chinese speakers (NCS) in Chinese‚ as well as for native English speakers (NES) in English (see Appendix). The words and expressions associated by NCS convey Chinese culture‚ and those
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Organizational Diversity Processes I. Women and Minorities in Today’s Organizations * Glass ceiling – is a concept popularized in the 1980s to describe a barrier so subtle that is transparent‚ yet so strong that it prevents women and minorities from moving up in the management hierarchy (Morrison and Von Glinow) * The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reports that “color discrimination in employment seems to be on the rise”. Recent studies have found that black job applicants with
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You are Who you know: a network approach to gender Most social theories characterize actors in terms of their individual attributes however network approach focuses on the fact that actors are only understood in terms of their relationships to one another Impossible to have a network theory of gender Network theory views actors as identically endowed and interchangeable nodes How can we apply a theoretical percepective based on relationships to an individual attribute like gender West and Fenstermaker-
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IMRT and VMAT have many dosimetric and clinical benefits when compared to 3DCRT. IMRT and VMAT are techniques where the radiation dose can be delivered more precisely to the tumour. In comparison to 3DCRT‚ the dose can be escalated so that the tumour will receive a higher dose and normal tissues will receive a lower dose. Because 3DCRT does not modulate as precisely to the tumour‚ the patient can be at risk of a large amount of normal tissue receiving a higher dose of radiation. This will result
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imperfectly imitable resource to Harlequin that provides a sustainable competitive advantage. Continuing romantic fiction novels will allow Harlequin to continue to use its’ existing distribution channels. Harlequin’s distribution is a resource heterogeneity that is valuable and rare providing a temporary competitive advantage. Harlequin distributes through supermarkets‚ mass merchandisers‚ and drugstores with contracts that provide a competitive advantage through predicting sales and returns that
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Pricing objectives and pricing methods in the services sector George J. Avlonitis and Kostis A. Indounas Department of Marketing and Communication‚ Athens University of Economics and Business‚ Athens‚ Greece Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to explore the pricing objectives that service companies pursue along with the pricing methods that they adopt in order to set their prices. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive review of the literature revealed the complete
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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RICARDO ’S THEORY OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE: OLD IDEA‚ NEW EVIDENCE Arnaud Costinot Dave Donaldson Working Paper 17969 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17969 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 April 2012 We thank Pol Antràs‚ Chang-Tai Hsieh‚ and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg for comments and Meredith McPhail and Cory Smith for excellent research assistance. This paper has been prepared for the 2012 American Economic Review
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Introduction Financial services are concerned with individuals‚ organizations and their finances. Manulife‚ as Insurance services‚ are inseparability‚ it cannot be separated from their provider. It is defined as a contract that provides the policyholder with pre-defined benefits in cases of specified losses. Content Advertising is a form of communication intended to convince an audience. Almost every one grows up in the world which is flooded with the mass media e.g. television‚ advertising
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cultural backgrounds also can be effectively treated if organizations could listen and take advantage from the experience and knowledge possessed by employees with diverse cultural background. The second factor is creativity and performance from heterogeneity. It is stated in the article that workforce diversity could enhance creativity in problem solving among the employees. This is because diverse groups usually generates different kind of solutions for different types of problems and therefore the
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