Explain the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning. What is unconditioned stimulus (US)‚ conditioned stimulus (CS)‚ and conditioned response (CR)? “Two months after pretesting‚ Albert was shown a white rat‚ and anytime Albert touched the rat‚ he was exposed to the sound of the hammer hitting a steel bar. After seven trials‚ Albert cried and demonstrated avoidance on presentation of the rat—the conditioned stimulus—in the absence of the loud
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Ivan Pavlov was a russian scientist that created the groundbreaking experiment that created Pavlovian conditioning‚ or classical conditioning. Pavlov researched dogs to understand how the body breaks down food into chemicals that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. He also researching the digestive processes of animals over long periods of time‚ by observing their salivating habits. He would observe the amount of saliva of the animals when served different types of foods and the frequency of the
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Psychology!!!! 1.) Psychologists who argue that Psychologists should only study behavior‚ measurable behaviors are called (behaviorists). 2.) (Pavlov) discovered classical conditioning 3.) At the Beginning of an experiment on classical conditioning‚ (The UCS elicits a UCR automatically). 4.) In Pavlov’s experiments he paired the presentation of food with measured salivation to each. In this experiment the buzzer was the (conditioned stimulus). 5.) You were once stung
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Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (US) "reflexively" evokes Unconditioned response (UR). Through learning‚ a Conditioned stimulus (CS) can evoke a Conditioned response (CR) Identify the US‚ UR‚ CS‚ and CR: 1. Frank loves to swim in the lake near his house. After swimming in the lake one afternoon‚ he discovered two big slimy‚ blood sucking leeches attached to his leg. He was repulsed by the experience of pulling the slimy bodies off his leg. Now when he drives by the lake he
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Research Essay: Elements of Classic Conditioning In the Little Albert experiment of Conditioned Emotional Reactions‚ baby Albert was exposed to various stimuli which were paired with a loud banging noise on a bar. A rat was put next to Albert and when he would reach for the rat‚ they would bang that bar to get baby Albert to display fear by crying. Albert was conditioned to the point that by simply showing him the rat he would cry and want to crawl away. He knew that along with the rat‚
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and American Freedom Rides This essay briefly discusses the similarities and differences of the ‘Australian and American Freedom Rides’ history. Throughout the essay‚ there is a discussion on what the reasons were for the protest of the Freedom Rides. It also points out the duration of the protest and the major locations where they were held. The essay also shows the different reactions to the protest and the influential behaviour it results in. The American Freedom Rides were motivated by the
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Current Trend and the Impact of Ride-Sharing Services: Ride-Sharing services have significantly grown since the introduction of Uber‚ in 2009. To date‚ Ride-sharing has attracted over 2 million members in North America and close to 5 million globally. Currently‚ more than half of American adults have heard of ridesharing apps like Uber and Lyft‚ with 15% using the services. Ridesharing services have some economic benefits. These services increase the transportation options available to people and
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these emotional difficulties as they relate to classical and operant conditioning. More precisely‚ how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. Moreover‚ this paper will distinguish between classical and operant conditioning as well as provide an explanation to what extinction means‚ and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning. However‚ prior to giving an explanation for these
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In classical conditioning‚ there is the a neutral stimulus that is presented before an unconditioned stimulus‚ which creates an association between the two ("Module 6.2: Classical Conditioning".‚ n.d.). The example of Antonio’s fear and dread of hospitals is a good example of classical conditioning based on that alone. In Antonio’s case‚ the unconditioned stimulus would be the hospital‚ as this type of stimulus is what elicits a reflexive response ("Module 6.2: Classical Conditioning".‚ n.d.). Having
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when they are paired with a fear response. Inducing these responses have become a common method of studying of learning and understanding how emotions work and the findings have been quite interesting. There have been many different theories as to how we interpret stimuli in order to achieve an emotional response‚ one of which is Schachter’s two factor theory.
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