against plans‚ which may need modification based on feedback. Management accounting is concerned with the provisions and use of accounting information to managers within organizations‚ to provide them with the basis to make informed business decisions that will allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions. In contrast to financial accountancy information‚ management accounting information is: usually confidential and used by management‚ instead of publicly reported;
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average contribution margin per unit is calculated only when performing CVP analysis for multiple products. There are two ways to calculate it: (1) Calculate the total contribution of all products by subtracting total variable costs from total revenues. Then calculate the weighted average contribution margin per unit by dividing the total contribution margin by the total number of units (the sum of units for all products). (2) Calculate the sales mix for each product by dividing the number of
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When it comes to Accounting there are nine steps that one must follow. The nine steps as followed in the accounting cycle are: 1. Analyze Transactions 2. Journalize Transactions 3. Post to Ledger Accounts 4. Prepare a Trail Balance 5. Journalize and Post Adjusting Entries 6. Prepare an Adjusted Trail Balance 7. Prepare Financial Statements 8. Journalize and Post Closing Entries 9. Prepare a Post Closing Trail Balance In the first step of accounting the analyze transactions
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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AN APPRAISAL OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY History has it that the concept of accountability of public funds dates backs to the history of ancient Greece. As old as theory is‚ it would not be erroneous to say that the idea has been equally lost to antiquity although not much is known about it‚ this makes the subject‚ government accounting to remain a myth. Accounting in the public sector has received such a wide attention from
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OF COMMERCIAL BANK INTRODUCTION In this report I have mentioned the ratio analysis of the financial statement’s data (income statement and balance sheet) of the commercial bank by comparing five year information given by that statements. It includes 2007‚ 2008‚ 2009‚ 2010 and 2011 years. I have used following ratios. * Return on equity (ROE) * Return on assets (ROA) * Net interest margin (NIM) * Net interest margin after provision for
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managers need information as they strive to attain those goals. Managerial accounting is the process of identifying‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting and communicating information in pursuit of an organization’s goals. It is an important part of any organization’s management information system. 1-1. The following changes should be in store for managerial accounting as a result of the explosion in e-commerce: a. Companies will have to invest in their security. Their private information could be at
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Accounting Presentation Group members The Accounting Information of The Personnel‚ procedures‚ devices‚ and System records used by an organization to develop accounting information and communicate that information to decision makers The accounting process Economic activities Actions (decisions) Accounting “links” decision makers with economic activities and with the results of their decisions. Decision makers Accounting information Types of Accounting
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(a) Briefly explain what prompted some countries over the world to strongly advocate harmonization of accounting. The important reasons which necessitate harmonization of accounting practices are well contained in the observation made by Saudagaran. “While the initial efforts at harmonization were mainly championed by political bodies and professional accounting organizations‚ current pressures to harmonize are driven by investor groups who use financial statements‚ multinational companies which
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Chapter 2—The External Environment: Opportunities‚ Threats‚ Industry Competition‚ and Competitor Analysis TRUE/FALSE 1. The health-related concerns in the general environment facing Philip Morris International are part of the physical segment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 36 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Ethical & Legal understanding | Management: Ethical Responsibilities | Dierdorff & Rubin: Managing the task environment 2. The external environment facing business stays relatively
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