ARTICLE 9 D. COMMISION ON AUDIT Section 2-4 Section 2 The commision on audit has a power ‚ authority and duty ;the concept of examination ‚ auditing and settlement of accounts. Power and Functions of the Commision 1.To examine ‚ audit ‚ and settle accounts. 2.To act as central accounting office of the government. 3.To define the scope of its audit and examination. 4.To promulgate accounting and auditing rules and regulations. 5.To submit an annual financial report and recommend measures. 6
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Audit Objectives: a. Determining that cash on hand as shown in the general ledger is represented by currency and coins on hand. b. Determining ownership and proper accountabilities c. Ascertaining that cash balances are available without restrictions. Audit Procedures: a. Examination of cash proof sheets and tracing of their totals to the general ledger b. Test tracing of deposit or withdrawal slips to individual subsidiary ledgers and vice
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TYPES OF AUDITS Operational PURPOSE: To evaluate whether operating procedures are efficient and effective USERS: Management of the organization NATURE: Highly non-standard; often subjective FREQUENCY: PAs: Frequently AGs: Frequently CRA: Never Internal: Frequently Compliance PURPOSE: To determine whether the client is following specific procedures set by higher authority USERS: Authority setting down procedures‚ internal or external NATURE: Highly non-standard; often subjective FREQUENCY: PAs:
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The internal audit function plays a key role in assisting the board to discharge its governance responsibilities. Yet how does the board – and its audit committee – satisfy itself that internal audit is functioning effectively and efficiently? The board’s responsibility for internal controls Through working with a broad range of organisations in Australia and internationally‚ KPMG has identified a number of better practices in relation to the role played by the board audit and/or risk
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Implementation of an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) program for coastal development as the basis of sustainable economic development. Integrated coastal zone management may be defined as “A dynamic and continuous process of administering the use‚ development and protection of the coastal zone and its resources towards common objectives of national and local authorities and the aspiration of different resource user groups. Integrated Coastal Zone Management is widely recognized
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Weaknesses in an Internal Audit Control System by Osmond Vitez‚ Demand Media An internal audit control system is a common safeguard found in business today. This safeguard is broken down into two parts: internal audits and internal controls. Internal audits are informal reviews by the business owner or employees. They provide information on internal operations in employee performance. Internal controls represent the specific policies the business owner‚ manager and employees must follow in the
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internal control systems. 3. Branch-Network: They normally operate through a wide network of branches and departments which are geographically dispersed. Of accounting and control function‚ with consequent difficulties in maintaining uniform operating practices and accounting systems‚ particularly when the branch network transcends national boundaries. 4. Off-Balance-Sheet Items: They often assume significant commitments without any transfer of funds. These items‚ commonly called ‘off-balance-sheet’ items
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Monday Morning Leadership The fifth Monday Hire Tough Introduction: The book “Monday Morning leadership” is a book written by David Cottrell. Cottrell discussed the most important issues in leadership as situations between Jeff who has little experience in leadership and Tony who has a great and well experience in leadership. Jeff goes to Tony every Monday to take lesson in leadership. Chapter 5 is about hire tough and it discusses the important of manpower and team in the company. In this
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Question: Define audit and accounting risk‚ give 3 specific example of each type of risk and explain why they are called audit and accounting risk. * Accounting risk is the risk that errors associated with forecasts used in GAAP accounting estimates are not properly disclosed. Accounting risk is primarily the responsibility of accounting standards. It is dealt with only indirectly in accounting standards. For example: * Bad debts on loans had an historic rate of 1% of outstanding loans
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Ch. 2. Professional Standards 2-1. Generally Accepted Auditing standards (GAAS) -Audit procedure -Audit standard 2-2. Fundamental Principle: Responsibilities -Competence and Capabilities -Independence and Due care --Independence in fact --Independence in appearance -Professional Skepticism and Professional Judgment 2-3. Fundamental Principle: Performance -Reasonable Assurance -Planning and Supervision --Audit plan -Materiality -Risk Assessment --Internal Control --Risk of Material misstatement --Inherent
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