OF THE THREE DIVIDEND POLICY THEORIES Figure 13A-1 illustrates the three alternative dividend policy theories: (1) Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance theory‚ (2) Gordon and Lintner’s bird-in-thehand theory‚ and (3) the tax preference theory. To understand the three theories‚ consider the case of Hardin Electronics‚ which has from its inception plowed all earnings back into the business and thus has never paid a dividend. Hardin’s management is now reconsidering its dividend policy‚ and
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History of The Intel Corporation The Intel Corporation is the largest manufacturer of computer devices in the world. In this research paper I will discuss where‚ ehrn‚ and how Intel was founded‚ the immediate effects that Intel made on the market‚ their marketing strategies‚ their competition‚ and finally‚ what Intel plans to do in the future. Intel didn’t just start out of thin air‚ it was created after Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore first founded Fairchild Semiconductor with six other colleagues
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CHAPTER 13 DIVIDEND POLICY L E A R N I N G LG1 LG2 LG3 Understand cash dividend payment procedures and the role of dividend reinvestment plans. Describe the residual theory of dividends and the key arguments with regard to dividend irrelevance and relevance. Discuss the key factors involved in formulating a dividend policy. G O A L S LG4 Review and evaluate the three basic types of dividend policies. LG5 Evaluate stock dividends from accounting‚ shareholder
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Stability of dividend policy. There may be three types of dividend policy (1) Strict or Conservative dividend Policy which envisages the retention of profits on the cost of dividend pay-out. It helps in strengthening the financial position of the company; (2) Lenient Dividend Policy which views the payment of dividend at the maximum rate possible taking in view the current earing of the company. Under such policy company retains the minimum possible earnings; (3) Stable Dividend Policy suggests
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Dividend Policy Factors Affecting Dividend Policy: 1. External Factors 2. Internal Factors External Factors Affecting Dividend Policy 1. General State of Economy: * In case of uncertain economic and business conditions‚ the management may like to retain whole or large part of earnings to build up reserves to absorb future shocks. * In the period of depression the management may also retain a large part of its earnings to preserve the firm’s liquidity position. * In periods of
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help management must decide on the form of the dividend distribution‚ generally as cash dividends or via a share buyback. Various factors may be taken into consideration: where shareholders must pay tax on dividends‚ firms may elect to retain earnings or to perform a stock buyback‚ in both cases increasing the value of shares outstanding. Alternatively‚ some companies will pay "dividends" from stock rather than in cash. The purpose of an optimal dividend policy should be to maximize shareholders’
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DIVIDEND DECISION The dividend decision is one of the 3 basic decisions which a financial manager maybe required to take‚ the other two being the investment decisions and the financing decisions. In each period any earnings that remain after satisfying obligations to the creditors‚ the government and the preference sh.hol can either be retained or paid out as dividends or bifurcated between retained earnings and dividends. The retained earnings can be invested in assets which will help
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15.3 Dividend Relevance Model 15.3.1 15.3.2 Walter Model Gordon’s Dividend Capitalization Model Dividend Decision 15.4 Dividend Irrelevance Theory: Miller and Modigliani Model 15.5 Stability of Dividends 15.6 Forms of Dividends 15.7 Stock Split 15.8 Summary Terminal Questions Answers to SAQs and TQs 15.1 Introduction Dividends are that portion of a firm’s net earnings paid to the shareholders. Preference shareholders are entitled to a fixed rate of dividend irrespective
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Topic: DIVIDENDS 1. Payments made out of a firm ’s earnings to its owners in the form of cash or stock are called: A) Dividends. B) Distributions. C) Share repurchases. D) Payments-in-kind. E) Stock splits. Answer: A Topic: REGULAR CASH DIVIDENDS 2. A cash payment made by a firm to its owners in the normal course of business is called a: A) Share repurchase. B) Liquidating dividend. C) Regular cash dividend. D) Special dividend. E) Extra cash dividend. Answer:
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Chapter 14. Residual Dividends Residual Dividend -2011 Net Income $15.0 Million -2012 Net Income increase by 8% -Capital structure 35% Debt‚ 65% Equity -2011 paid $3.0 million cash dividends -2012 invest a major capital project; capital budget for the project is $12.0 million 1. Cash dividends 2012: 3‚000‚000 x (1+0.08) = 3‚000‚000 x 1.08 = 3‚240‚000 payout in 2012 2. Dividend Payout ratio 2012 (8%):
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