original formula. While licensing agreements also aimed to specify how the Heineken brand should be marketed‚ Heineken could not influence how a licensee marketed its own brands. At the end of 1993‚ Heineken‚ being the market leader in Netherlands‚ was viewed as a mainstream brand. Outside the Netherlands‚ however‚ Heineken had consistently been marketed as a premium brand. Sales volume was declining and the brand image needed some revitalization. In January 1994‚ senior managers at Heineken headquarters
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Methods of Brand Valuation The various methods of brand valuation can be placed into four categories: (1) cost-based approaches; (2) market-based approaches; (3) income-based approaches; and (4) formulary approaches incorporating future benefits or comparative advantages. Cost-based Approaches This method considers the costs involved in creating the brand through the stages of research and development of the product concept‚ market testing‚ continued promotion during commercialization
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1. Brand Communication The primary objective of the retailer is to maximize their store’s profit and an attempt to maximize the profits for each product category. To fulfill this objective and the shift in the power from manufacturers to retail chains have made it necessary for retailers to communicate their brand. It is quite common to regard advertising as a major factor in leveraging brand equity (Achenbaum‚ 1989; Lindsay‚ 1990). “The brand is separate from the functional product; being
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strong brand offers many advantages for marketers including: Brands provide multiple sensory stimuli to enhance customer recognition. For example‚ a brand can be visually recognizable from its packaging‚ logo‚ shape‚ etc. It can also be recognizable via sound‚ such as hearing the name on a radio advertisement or talking with someone who mentions the product. Customers who are frequent and enthusiastic purchasers of a particular brand are likely to become Brand Loyal. Cultivating brand loyalty
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Research Paper “Brand recall of car manufacturing companies (in India)” INTRODUCTION While automobiles were introduced to India in the late 1890 ’s‚ the manufacturing industry only took off after independence in 1947. The protectionist economic policies of the government gave rise in the 1950 ’s to the Hindustan Motors Ambassador‚ which is still ubiquitous in the roads and highways of India. Hindustan Motors and a few smaller manufacturers such as Premier Automobiles‚ TATA Motors‚ Bajaj
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BUILDING DEPARTMENT | U10BD1035| M. ABDUSSALAM | 5/15/2013 | Write on the following building materials * Steel * Cast iron * Aluminium * Pipes used in building construction * Light roofing materialsConsidering the following; * Definition * Sources * Types * Uses * Advantages/disadvantages * Limitation | STEEL AS A BUILDING MATERIAL Steel is a structural material which consists mostly of iron and carbon. It can‚ however‚ contain other additives which might change
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Introduction The "Building Envelope" is the area that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or the outdoors. A building envelope includes all elements of a building that enclose conditioned space. Building envelope components separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or from outside air. For example‚ walls and doors between living areas are part of the building envelope; walls separating a garage from the living areas are not. Besides that‚ floors of conditioned basements
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A brand is a “name‚ term‚ design‚ symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. Proper branding can result in higher sales of not only one product but on other products associated with that brand. Brand is the personality that identifies a product‚ service or company and how it relates to key customers‚ staffs‚ partners‚ investors etc. People engaged in branding seek to develop the expectations behind the brand experience
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BRAND WARS: WHEN BIG BRANDS PLAY DIRTY “In business as in life‚ you don’t get what you deserve‚ you get what you negotiate.” Chester L Karrass. Today companies do not sell on the basis of their products. The features or benefits provided by the product is a small cog in the whole machine of the customer interaction process adopted by the company. The product sells on the basis of its power to convince customers‚ to appeal to customers and to attach a certain sentiment with the customers. This
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Editor’s Introduction: Brand Management Francesca Dall’Olmo Riley Introduction The study of brands and brand management has historically attracted a great deal of interest among practitioners and academics. Early‚ seminal research on brands includes the studies by Gardner and Levy (1955)‚ Levy (1959)‚ Martineau (1959) and Allison and Uhl (1964). Since then‚ the number of brand related journal articles and of brand management books have increased exponentially‚ particularly in the last 20
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