corporate governance within an organization may make a company more attractive to potential buyers‚ investors‚ and other capital sources. Under SOX Section 404‚ all publicly traded U.S. corporations are required to maintain an adequate system of internal controls. Corporate executives and boards of directors must ensure that these controls are both reliable and effective. Public Offering The transformation of going from a private to public requires some extensive planning and preparation. It
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Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) Internal Control Framework’s Components of Internal Control Requirements 1. There was a lack of proper authorization in the budget process. The superintendent Spigot committed several projects that were not on the budget. For example‚ rent expenses were not budgeted in that fiscal year‚ which caused the budget to overrun and increase expenditures for custodial services. Also‚ the unbudgeted projects ran by the superintendent were not approved by the
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Internal economies of scale arise when firms increase their scale of production. Hence‚ they incur lower average costs of production‚ either through specialization or other factors. When average costs fall‚ giving the price of the good to be constant‚ profit margins of these firms will be increased. Thus‚ the individual firm benefits from internal economies of scale. External economies of scale arise when all firms in an industry experience decreasing average costs of production‚ which can be
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Case Study in: Johnson‚ G. et al.‚ 2005. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd. 1. Internal audit of tangible‚ financial and intangible resources Tangible Resources 1. Human Resources * Ryanair currently employs 2000 people (2003) from 25 nations. * The pay is performance related and among the highest in the airline industry (Annual Report 2004‚ p. 5). Travel concessions and participation in the share option program is granted to all employees. In 2003 over 30% (639
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Case Study 2 – Internal Control TO: LJB Company President FROM: Accounting Firm DATE: August 12‚ 2012 SUBJECT: Internal Control It is with great pleasure that we can provide you information and advisement on internal controls that will assist LJB Company with going public. We understand that you have communicated your concerns and expect that this report will assist you with deriving conclusions. This report will: 1. Inform you of any new internal control requirements in reference to going
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The Difference Between External Auditing and Internal Auditing Jessica LeGrand Auditing – ACCT 420 Mrs. Hayes October 30th‚ 2012 Auditing was primarily as a method to maintain governmental accountancy and for record-keeping. It wasn’t until the 1800s during the Industrial Revolution that auditing expanded into a fraud detection and financial accountability field. Now audits are performed to manage and confirm the correctness of a company ’s accounting procedures. Auditing evolved into
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External factors that affect pricing decisions * External Factors - There are a number of influencing factors which are not controlled by the company but will impact pricing decisions. Understanding these factors requires the marketer conduct research to monitor what is happening in each market the company serves since the effect of these factors can vary by market. i) The nature of the market and demand ii) Elasticity of demand iii) Competitor’s cost‚ price and offers
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improper welds and unstable wedges are clearly linked. If one or the other would have happened‚ the other event would happen next (for example if the wedges would fail‚ the welds would fail next). It is impossible to point out one of the two as the clear case. The faulty design of the posttensioned slabs ultimately played a big role in the collapse‚ but there is not enough evidence pointing this hypothesis towards the trigger of the
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café and coffee industry‚ there a myriad of factors that needs to be taken into consideration in order for a new entrant to survive in the already crowded market‚ including large coffeehouse chains such as Starbucks and Costa. To increase survivability‚ a new entrant must take into account‚ the perspective of internal and external environments towards starting a coffee shop/café business. Using PESTEL analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces to evaluate the external environment‚ considerations for the achievement
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There is little or no doubt that India today has emerged as a powerhouse in the automotive industry. Tata Nano‚ the world’s cheapest car is sold in its native country for approximately Rs 1-lakh ($2‚198). Tata Nano is manufactured entirely in India by Tata Motor Limited. When the Nano was launched in March 2009‚ it accomplished Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata’s vision of making a “people’s car”. The aim was to produce a car that is safe and affordable to almost everyone in India
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