STANDARDS OF INTERNAL CONTROL Issued April 2007 Table Of Contents I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Preface Objective Scope Process Responsibility Fraud Revisions Introduction General Control Requirements Quick Reference Revenue Cycle 2.1 Order Entry/Edit 2.2 Loan/Financial Aid 2.3 Billing 2.4 Accounts Receivable 2.5 Collection 2.6 Cash Receipts Procurement Cycle 3.1 Supplier Selection and Retention 3.2 Purchasing 3.3 Receiving 3.4 Accounts
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Causes and Effects of Internal Control Outcomes -Final Thesis- Universiteit Maastricht Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maastricht‚ February 21th‚ 2008 Martina Kratz ID: 239232 Master International Business – Concentration Finance Supervisor: Robin Braun Abstract Since the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002‚ the topic of internal control systems never came to rest. The current subprime crisis is just one example of internal control failures and their negative consequences
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Table of Contents STAGE B: ASSESSING THE PRELIMINARY LEVEL OF CONTROL RISK 2 ASSESSING CONTROL RISK 2 Assessing control risk below the maximum level 5 Assessing Inherent Risk …………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………5 Relationship Between the Assessments of Inherent and Control Risks…………………………..……..……6 Identifying Specific Controls Relevant to Specific Assertions………………………………………………..……..6 Types of Control Activities that Relate to Financial Statement Assertion……………………………..……..7 STAGE C: OBTAINBING
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Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash This includes money and other negotiable instrument that is payable in money and acceptable by the bank for deposit and immediate credit. Examples are bills and coins‚ checks‚ bank drafts and money orders. To be included or considered as cash‚ it must be unrestricted as to use‚ meaning‚ it must be readily available for use or payment of current obligations‚ thus‚ not subject to contractual or legal restrictions. The following items are included in “cash”:
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Cash or Not? Whether or not cash should be eliminated is a big debate in our world today. Cash should not be eliminated to provide for safer control of your money. Without cash‚ plenty of problems appear like acts of crime‚ not having banking connections‚ and having your personal information on record. To start off with‚ criminals and hacking progress as technology does. In the Upfront magazine article called "The End of Cash"‚ the author says‚ "Security experts worry‚ for example‚ that hackers could
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the research questions. Therefore the data collected on the effectiveness of the ZDF BF internal controls could be justified. Figure 4.4 displays the subjects’ response rate. Figure 4.5: Response rate. Source: Primary Data. 4.2 The Nature and Type of Available ZDF BF Internal Control System The discussion‚ on the evaluation of ICS in the dissertation‚ was mostly based on the COSO Integrated Internal Control Framework given its broad concepts‚ applicability to most entities and consolidated history
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study. Internal control is define as the whole system of internal control‚ financial and otherwise established by management in order to carry on the business of the enterprise in an orderly manner and efficient‚ ensure adherence to management policies‚ safeguard the assets and secure as far as possible the completeness and the accuracy of records. - Dr. Kwame Aveh. (Auditing page 82-83‚ 2010) The individual components of an internal control system are known as controls or internal controls. Internal
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1.0 Thesis Title The Need To Review Internal Controls In The Public Sector. 2.0 Introduction Internal controls include all the policies and procedures adopted by an entity to assist in their objectives of achieving‚ as far as practicable‚ The orderly and efficient conduct of the entity including * Adhering to internal policies * The safeguarding of assets * The prevention and detection of fraud and error * The accuracy and completeness of the accounting records and
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Checklist for Evaluating Internal Controls There are five components to internal controls. A comprehensive checklist should adequately define these components and ensure that each component has been adequately met. According to Louwers‚ Ramsay‚ Sinason‚ and Strawser (2007) the five components to internal controls include: 1. Control environment – Involves the tone of the organization and includes “the integrity‚ ethical values‚ and competence of the company’s people” (Louwers‚ Ramsay‚ Sinason
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Exposure is the potential dollar loss that would occur if the threat becomes reality. Likelihood is the probability that the threat will occur. Internal control is the policies‚ procedures‚ practices and organizational structure designed to provide reasonable assurance that business objective will be achieved or detected and corrected. Internal control objectives 1. Safeguard asset 2. Maintain records in sufficient detail to report company assets accurately and fairly. 3. Provide accurate
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