Chapter 1 Problem and Its Setting Background of the Study “The atmosphere is already menaced: several harmful substances are changing their composition‚ with possible catastrophic consequences.” This is according to an article written by Dieter Schwab (2004). And this is also the reason why global warming or more-correctly climate change is a hot topic these days. Needles to say‚ the main culprit allegedly for the acceleration of this global climate scenario is the unstoppable expansion
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investigated‚ including the photoelectrolysis of water driven by sunlight. Nevertheless‚ it is fair to say that a suitable supply line for hydrogen is not well established at present. The main considerations for a chemical fuel are the heat of combustion (∆H) and density (ρ). Together these determine what might be called a "fuel quality factor". In the table below‚ we use X as a factor‚ defined as ∆Hρ/Mr. This is appropriate if volume‚ rather than weight‚ is the limiting design
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In the Early 17th century‚ European engineers started to tinker with three different types of engines. A steam engine‚ a combustion engine‚ and an electrical engine. By the early 19th century‚ the combustion engine ended up being the go to type of engine. The electrical engine didn’t work because there wasn’t a battery that was strong enough to move a car with enough power or speed. The steam engine wasn’t a good choice either because it cost a lot of money to create‚ and with the chances of it
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MB1-04 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics Monterey‚ California‚ USA‚ 24-28 July‚ 2005 Modeling and Analysis of the Toyota Hybrid System Jinming Liu‚ Huei Peng and Zoran Filipi Abstract—Toyota Hybrid System is the innovative powertrain used in the current best-selling hybrid vehicle on the market—the Prius. It uses a split-type hybrid configuration which contains both a parallel and a serial power path to achieve the benefits
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to fill more air into the combustion chamber will allow more fuel to be added to produce more power. However the operation of the turbocharger relies solely on the exhaust gas velocity to drive the compressor. Thus the compressor will be at optimum operation range when the engine is under heavy load. When the throttle is opened‚ it will take a certain period of time (depending on the turbo’s characteristic) for the turbine to spin up to it optimum rpm and the engine intake does not see as high
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weight‚ increase the stiffness and reduce the stress and stiffer than other material like carbon steel. With Fatigue analysis we can determine the lifetime of the connecting rod. IJSER Keywords: connecting Rod‚ Analysis of connecting rod‚ four stroke engine connecting rod‚ forged steel connecting rod‚ design and analysis of connecting rod. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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is also known as the boundary layer turbine‚ cohesion-type turbine‚ and Prandtl layer turbine (after Ludwig Prandtl). Bioengineering researchers have referred to it as a multiple disk centrifugal pump. Introduction:- The job of any engine is to convert energy from a fuel source into mechanical energy. Whether the natural source is air‚ moving water‚ coal or petroleum‚ the input energy is a fluid. And by fluid we mean something very specific -- it ’s any substance that flows under an
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1.0 Introduction A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle.The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)‚ which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.Everyone should drive hybrid car. Why are hybrids car popular? what makes them attractive for car manufacturers to invest in developing this new technology? Well‚ everybody also wondering the advantages and disadvantages of it. So‚ from this
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fuel and characteristics which mean that it can be stored‚ renewed and transferred. It is less restricted by natural conditions. Biomass energy can be transferred to useful thermal energy‚ electrical energy and the fuel as power by means of direct combustion‚ gasification and liquidation. High-grade combustible gas like CO‚ H2 and methane can be formed by the gasification of biomass. Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass and liquid fuel using‚ for example‚ thermalization‚ biochemistry
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increased load handling‚ longer lifetimes and corrosion resistance to name but a few. Engines in particular have received much attention. The engine and its components alone contribute to 15 percent of the total frictional losses in the vehicle. Aluminium alloys have more recently been preferred to cast iron to reduce the overall weight of the car‚ to improve fuel efficiency and road performance. However‚ as engine technology continues to develop‚ and more power is demanded from the unit‚ so the severity
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