Justification for an Internal Control System ACC 544 Justification for an Internal Control System Introduction According to A. A. Gramling in the Encyclopedia of Business and Finance‚ internal control can be described as “any action taken by an organization to help enhance the likelihood that the objectives of the organization will be achieved.” There are several approaches to risk management in an organization – the portfolio approach and the use of insurance are two. Both
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Practices of Internally Assuring the Quality of Assessment 1.1 The internal verifier is at the heartof quality assurance in N/SVQ’s‚ both within the national framework and within the quality and management systems of each approved centre. The role‚ in terms of managing assessment so that it consistently meets national standards‚ is central to maintaining public confidence in each and every N/SVQ issued. Therefore internal verification is a key factor in managing ‘risk’ and ensuring that when
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Internal Control Evaluation Every business should take the steps necessary to ensure that its internal controls are functioning effectively and efficiently. It is important to have accountability at every level of a business. Creating a checklist to evaluate internal controls will support the business in this effort. According to Louwers‚ Ramsay‚ Sinason and Stawser (2007)‚ an internal control questionnaire aide an auditor in gathering evidence about the control environment and accounting and
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article in CNN Money: “The economists that make the world ’s crucial monetary policy decisions are the same economists who authored most textbooks in use. While superficially appealing‚ their theories lack empirical evidence‚ are riddled with internal inconsistencies‚ and are based upon tenuous assumptions. Specifically‚ their models are built on downward sloping demand curves‚ upward sloping supply curves‚ perfect competition‚ rational consumers‚ benevolent dictators‚ and general equilibrium;
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Assume the taxpayer is in the 28% marginal tax bracket for ordinary income and 15% for qualifying capital gains and dividends in all tax years. The selected investment will be liquidated at the end of five years. The alternatives are: Taxable Corporate Bond yielding 6% before tax‚ and the interest can be reinvested at 6% before tax. The taxable bond and reinvested earnings will accumulate at an after-tax rate of 4.32% [(1 – .28) × .06] to equal $12‚355 at the end of 5 years [$10‚000 × (1.0432)5
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Appendix B Audience-Focused Communication Matrix Use the matrix to complete the information. Write 3-4 sentences for each item. • What are some audience characteristics you need to consider? • What communication channels would be appropriate and why? • What would you do to ensure your message is effective? • What are some considerations you must keep in mind given the diversity of the audience? |Audience-Focused Communication
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PAPER TOPIC: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ETHICS Table of contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………3 Framework for understanding ethical decision making……………………………………………………………..5 Understanding the views of corporate governance…………………………………………………………….…...15 Corporate governance as a dimension of ethical decision making……………………………………….………...23 Corporate governance issues…………………………………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER 6 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Assuming conventional cash flows‚ a payback period less than the project’s life means that the NPV is positive for a zero discount rate‚ but nothing more definitive can be said. For discount rates greater than zero‚ the payback period will still be less than the project’s life‚ but the NPV may be positive‚ zero‚ or negative‚ depending on whether the discount rate is less than
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Effective internal communication plays a significant role in the success of any business. Without a proper channel of communication within the organization‚ the company will face various operational problems like decrease in sales‚ increases the turnover rate of employees and unsatisfied customers like SHDE holding is facing now. Therefore it is important to understand the need of internal communication‚ the barriers affecting it and steps required to improvise the written and oral communication in the
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QUESTION 1: 1. If the first deposit is at 36 years and the last expected deposit is at 65 years‚ then annual deposits will be made for 30 years. Expected annual withdrawals are $90‚000 for 15 years from the retirement fund with a bank that offers compound interest of 8% annually. Calculation Present value (PV) =? Future value (FV) = (90‚000*15) = $1‚350‚000 Periodic payment amount (PMT) =? Interest rate per period (Rate) = 8% or 0.08 Number of payment periods (Nper) = 30 Using the Excel
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